Madeleine Albright - Fascism - A Warning

Muslims in Bosnian civil war, 99–101

Muslim population of Europe, 181

Muslim population of France, 181

Trump’s attitude toward, 5, 221–22

in Turkey, 138, 139, 140–41, 146

Israel, 152, 199

Italy

anti-Semitic statutes in, 74

Blackshirts of, 21, 22, 26

Communists and Socialists during the Fascist years, 73

conquest of Albania and Ethiopia, 25, 46

dislike of Hitler, 74

economic and political disruption in, 18–19, 20

Fasci di Combattimento, 20

Fascism in, 9, 13, 19–28, 44–46, 74–75, 93

Fascist credo, 25

Fascist slogan, 26, 260n26

Hitler’s first visit (1934), 45

identity and destiny in, 192

March on Rome, 22–23

Mussolini and, 15–28, 44–52, 73–76

Socialist leader murdered (1924), 24

Socialist Party, 18–19, 20–22, 23, 24

spazio vitale (living space), 25

squadristi , 26

World War I and, 17–18

World War II and, 47, 48, 74

It Can’t Happen Here (Lewis), 226n

Jackson, Andrew, 227

Japan, 95, 189

Jefferson, Thomas, 208

Jews

in Hitler’s Germany, 38, 40, 80

Hungarian, the Holocaust and, 56

in occupied Czechoslovakia, 65–66

Mussolini and, 44, 74

in Soviet Union, 80

John Paul II, Pope, 3

Joyce, William (Lord Hee-Haw), 58

Juncker, Jean-Claude, 180

Kaczyński, Jarosław, 174–77

character and personality, 174

Hungarian model for governance, 176

nationalism and, 175

party headed by (PiS) and democracy in peril in Poland, 174–77

social conservatism and, 176

“true Poles” and, 177

Kaczyński, Lech, 174–75, 176, 177

Kagame, Paul, 244

Kemal, Mustafa (Atatürk), 138–39, 142, 145, 146, 148

Kennedy, John F., Alliance for Progress, 92

Kershaw, Ian, 76

Kim Dae-jung, 214

Kim Il-sung, 190–92, 242–43

cult of personality, 192

military deterrent developed by, 202

myths created about, 192

national honoring of, 195–96

nationalism of, 191

Kim Jong-il

Albright meets with, 196–99

appearance, 196

ascension to power, 194

character and personality, 196–98

as disingenuous, 197–98, 198n

military strategy, 194

missile testing/nuclear threats, 194–97

spectacle and, 198–99

Kim Jong-un, 192, 202, 203, 204, 211, 246

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 126, 228, 236

Kissinger, Henry, 219

Korbel, John, 2

Korbel, Josef

affection for the Serbs, 103

in Czechoslovak foreign service, 1, 82–83

as immigrant in the U.S., 185

meeting with Beneš, 85–86

political asylum in the U.S. granted, 87

as professor, University of Denver, 2

war broadcasts, 68

Korea, 189–90

division of, 190

fate of, post–World War II, 189–90

See also North Korea; South Korea

Korean War, 190

Kuhn, Fritz, 61–62

Ku Klux Klan, 61

Kurds, 141, 147, 150

La Follette, Robert, 227

Lansky, Meyer, 62

Largo Cabellero, Francisco, 49, 50

La Rochejaquelein, Henri de, 260n26

Lavrov, Sergey, 167

League of Nations, 13, 44, 87

Lenin, Vladimir, 80

Levi, Primo, 223

Lewis, Flora, 236

Lewis, Sinclair, It Can’t Happen Here , 226n

Liberia, 97

Libya, 203, 213

Lincoln, Abraham, 126, 227, 250–51, 252

Lindbergh, Charles, 216, 217

Long, Huey, 226, 226n, 227

Maduro, Nicolás, 133–35, 246

Malthus, Thomas, 12

Mandela, Nelson, 4, 126, 251–52

valedictory address to the UN, 252

Marcos, Ferdinand, 110, 168

Marković, Mirjana, 103

Márquez, Gabriel García, 126

Marshall, George, 84

Marshall Plan, 6, 84

Marx, Karl, 3

Masaryk, Jan, 86–87, 88

Masaryk, Tomáš Garrigue, 117–18

McCarthy, Joseph, 89–93, 90n

McGrory, Mary, 236

media/journalism

attacks on, 5, 10

Cambodia and, 212

contemporary news sources, 236–37

disinformation campaigns, 114–15

as echo chamber, 231

in Erdoğan’s Turkey, 145–46, 149

fake news, 10, 114, 115, 164, 168, 237

in Hitler’s Germany, 33, 38, 40–41, 76

in Kaczyński’s Poland, 176

in Kim Jong-un’s North Korea, 205

information bubbles, 235

in Mussolini’s Italy, 24, 26

in Orbán’s Hungary, 173

propaganda and Fascism, 58, 76, 81, 162, 205, 227, 236, 237

in Putin’s Russia, 162

social media and diminishing of, 114

Trump and, 212–13

in the U.S., 236–37

Mein Kampf (Hitler), 35, 41, 44

Mengele, Josef, 123

Merkel, Angela, 182, 220

Middle East, 117

humanitarian disaster in, 184

refugee crisis and, 184

See also specific countries

Milošević, Slobodan, 98–105, 105n

Bosnian civil war and, 99–101, 105

break-up of Yugoslavia and, 99

Kosovo crisis and, 101–5, 196

nationalism and, 98–99, 243

rise to power, 98

Mladić, Ratko, 100, 105n

Monnet, Jean, 178

Mosley, Oswald, 57–58

Mozambique, 97

Mugabe, Robert, 243

Mun Hyok-myong, 202

Museveni, Yoweri, 244

Mussolini, Benito, 15–28, 44–49, 56, 119, 208, 253

appeal of, 63

arrests of, 16, 126

background and family, 15–16

belief in destiny, 16, 44

birth and death, 15, 73–76

break with UK and France, 44

character and personality, 15–16, 23, 27–28, 46, 102

cult of personality, 26–27

early accolades for, 15

early revolutionary views, 16–17

as embodiment of Fascism, 72

expansionism ( spazio vitale ) of, 25

Fascism and, 20, 21, 22–28, 72, 168

Fascist slogan, 26, 260n26

good government and reforms by, 24

government takeover by, 22–24, 44–45

Hitler and, 44–48, 168

as Il Duce, 23

as “the incarnation of God,” 15

Italy’s economy and, 27

journalists, the press, and, 24, 26

nationalism and, 44, 172, 192

New Rome, 95

observation about accumulating power (plucking the chicken), 118, 229–30

as public speaker, 16, 26, 123

rejection of racial theories, 44

seizure of power, 22–23, 86

self-image, 27–28, 46, 76

serial novel by, 16–17

Spanish Civil War and, 47, 50

spectacle and showmanship, 23, 26, 130

style of governance, 46

view of the Bolsheviks, 79–80

vision of, 20, 25

wealthy backers of, 17, 229

in World War I, 17–18

World War II and, 47, 48–49, 69

Myanmar, ethnic cleansing in, 111

See also Burma

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), 220–21

Nagy, Imre, 169, 185

National Democratic Institute (NDI), 109–11

nationalism, 95–96, 123

Bosnian Serbs and Milošević, 98–100, 243

Communist opposition to, 96

contemporary movements, 119, 182–83

in Europe, 178, 182

EU versus, 177–78

Fascism and, 8, 11, 12, 56, 59, 95, 96–97

in Franco’s Spain, 50, 51, 52

in Germany, rebirth of, 181–82, 183

Hitler and, 33, 44

in Hungary, 169–74, 184

hyper-nationalism, 182–83

in India (Aryanism), 60

interwar period, 56–59

Mussolini and, 44, 172, 192

in North Korea, 191

in Poland, 175, 176, 177–78

Putin and, 161, 165, 243

in Turkey, 137, 138, 140, 142, 147

Trump and, 5, 6

NATO, 88, 97, 139, 161, 171

bombing by, 100, 101, 104

Trump and, 218

Nazis. See Germany: Nazi Germany

Nepal, 110

Netherlands, 183

Party for Freedom, 183

Nicaragua, 132, 244

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 12, 33, 241