Simon Dixon - Catherine the Great

exhorts C to keep her religious beliefs 38

death (1747) 66

Anhalt-Zerbst, Elisabeth, Princess of (C’s sister) 26

Anhalt-Zerbst, Friedrich August, Prince of (C’s brother) 26, 33

Anhalt-Zerbst, Johanna Elisabeth, Princess of (née Holstein-Gottorp; C’s mother) 44–5, 46, 88, 105

marries Christian August (1727) 29

birth of C 23

her other children 26

visits her relatives 28–9, 30

match-making for C 34–5

travels with C to Russia 39–40

meets Empress Elizabeth 47

behaviour during C’s illness 49, 50

Bestuzhev affair 50

C’s baptism 52

first serious argument with Grand Duke Peter 53

birthday 54

status-consciousness 55

C’s wedding 56, 58, 59, 61–2

leaves the Russian Court 64

death (1760) 107

Anhalt-Zerbst, Sophie Auguste

Friderike, Princess of see Catherine

II the Great, Empress of Russia

Anhalt-Zerbst, Wilhelm Christian Friedrich, Prince of (C’s brother) 26, 27

Anichkov Palace, St Petersburg 128, 149, 242

Anna, Empress of Russia 3, 8, 14, 43, 44, 45, 47, 54, 55, 56, 66, 69, 71–5, 78, 81, 115, 123, 149, 230, 295

Anna Petrovna, Grand Duchess (C’s illegitimate daughter) 104–5, 106

Anna Petrovna (sister of Elizabeth, Empress of Russia) see Holstein-Gottorp, Anna Petrovna, Duchess of Antropov, Aleksey 7

Apraksin, Admiral 55, 99–100, 102, 105–6

Aptekarsky Island 57

Araja, Francesco 104

Bellerofont 77

Mithridates 79

Scipio 62

architecture

a golden age of Baroque church-building 79

recurrent alterations to imperial palaces 81

disaster at Gostilitsy 82, 84

effects of the Russian climate 82–3

resurrection of the Golovin Palace 88–9

heyday of private building projects

in St Petersburg 95

C’s ambitions for urban reconstruction 211–14

Arseny, Metropolitan, of Rostov 52

Assebourg, Baron von 219, 220

Assemblies of the Land 159

Astrakhan 169

Augustus, Emperor 211

Augustus III, King of Poland 185, 186

Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony 31

Austria

diplomatic alliance with Russia (1726) 35

implacable enemy of Prussia 187

incorporation of the Polish enclave of Zips 207

education model 248

Russia’s need for a rapprochement with 250

formal alliance with Russia (1781) 253, 269, 290

Avdotino estate, near Moscow 308

Azov 239

Bach, Johann Sebastian

Brandenburg Concertos 32

Well-Tempered Clavier 32

Bachaumont, Louis Petit de: Mémoires secrets 194

Bad Neuheim 331

Baden-Durlach, Louise, Princess of 313

Baedeker, Karl 25

Bakhchisaray 287

Balkan Slavs 196

Balta, sacking of (1768) 183

Baltic lands 9, 40, 217

Baroque style 59, 160, 179, 205, 259

Baryatinsky, Prince Fëdor 124, 125, 315, 319

Bashkir tribal leaders 228

Bashkiria 228, 254

Basil the Great, St 17

Batyushkov, Konstantin 324, 326

Bauer, General 203, 220, 223, 258, 265, 273

Bayle, Pierre 68

Historical and Critical Dictionary 67, 310

Bazhenov, Vasily 212, 213, 214, 230, 239, 258, 276

Beardé de l’Abbaye, M. 154–5

Beaumarchais, Pierre 224

Beccaria, Cesare 182, 198, 223

On Crimes and Punishments 157, 199

Belaya Tserkov estate 322

Belorussia 270

Beloselsky, Prince Andrey 140, 141

Bender 204, 211

Bentham, Jeremy 156–7, 199, 261, 282

Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation 157

Bentham, Samuel 282, 286

Bentinck, Countess 34

Berch, Carl Reinhold 42

Berda 228, 235

Berezovsky, Maxim 150

Berlin 29, 37, 231, 245, 254

Court of 25, 30, 204

Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Count Aleksey

Petrovich 14, 35, 50, 56, 66, 79, 97, 99–100, 102, 105, 109, 113, 115, 132, 133, 140, 185

Betskoy, Ivan 129, 132, 140, 155, 179, 208, 245, 256, 257, 262–3, 333, 334

General Plan for the Education of Young People of Both Sexes 130

Bezborodko, Alexander 184–5, 250, 251, 253, 254, 268, 270, 277, 281, 290, 298, 311, 320, 333

Bibikov, Alexander 161, 164, 171, 229, 230, 232, 233, 236, 325

Bielfeld, Jakob Friedrich, Freiherr von 162

Political Instruction 112

Bielke, Frau Johanna 204, 208, 210, 211, 218, 229, 230, 238, 244

Bilbasov, Vasily 1–2, 331

Bismarck, Prince Otto von 332

Blackstone, William 286, 325

Blanning, Tim 32, 75–6

Blessing of the Waters at Epiphany 115, 149–50

Blok, Alexander 331

Blondel, Jean 136

Board of Public Welfare 240

Bobrinsky, Aleksey Grigoryevich (C’s illegitimate son) 6, 120, 265, 285, 287, 331

Boerhaave, Abraham 49, 99

Boerhaave, Herman 49

Bolotov, Andrey 239

Bonecchi, Giuseppe 62, 77

Book on the Duties of a Man and Citizen, The 248

Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russia 15

Borovichy 274

Boswell, James: Corsica 196, 199

Bourbon kings 31

Brandenburg-Prussia 24

Brandt, Johann 81

Branicka, Countess Alexandra (née Engelhardt) 255, 284, 311, 322

Branicki, Count 255

Brantôme, Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de 67

Bratovshchina 85, 170

Bratslav 290

Brenna, Vincenzo 320

Breteuil, Louis-Auguste de Tonnelier, baron de 20

Britain

and War of American Independence (1775–83) 263

Anglo-Russian relations at an all-time low 298

Brompton, Richard 249

Bronnaya crown estate 129, 197

Brown, Lancelot ‘Capability’ 94

Bruce, Count 204, 268, 272, 276–7, 285

Bruce, Countess Praskovya 118, 144–5, 197, 233, 255

Buckinghamshire on 144

C’s trusted friend 144–5

banished from Court (1779) 144

Brühl, Count Heinrich von 193

Brummer, Grand Marshal 36

Brunswick, dukes of 30

Brunswick-Lüneburg, Elisabeth Sophie Marie, Dowager Duchess of 29

Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Juliana Maria, Duchess of, Queen of Denmark 37

Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Lower Saxony, Court of 29, 30, 65

Buch, Iver 312

Buchanan, Sir George 332

Buckinghamshire, John, 2nd earl 7, 10, 22, 126–7, 144

Bühren, Ernst 72, 230

Bulgarians 174

Burney, Dr Charles 177

Busch, Johann (John Bush) 210

Butler, Martin 9

Buturlin, Count Peter 142

Buturlin, Field Marshal 114

Byron, George Gordon, Lord: Don Juan 296

Byzantine calendar 17

Byzantine empire 250

Byzantium 206

Cadet Corps 128, 148, 205, 265, 327

Cagliostro, Count (Giuseppe Balsamo) 276

Calas family 153

Cameron, Charles 210, 258–9, 320

Canitz, Julius von 168

Cardel, Elisabeth (Babet) 26, 27, 28, 34

Cardel, Magdalena 26

Caroline, Landgravine 220, 221

Catharinaea sublimis 333

Cathcart, Lord 138, 179, 181–2, 192, 196, 200–201, 208, 219, 241

Cathedral of St Isaac, St Petersburg 179, 180–81

Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow 5, 20, 213

Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, Moscow 5, 20, 213, 277

Cathedral of the Dormition, Kiev 54

Cathedral of the Dormition, Moscow 4, 5, 7, 9, 13–17, 52, 160, 171, 183, 213, 237, 273, 288

Cathedral of the Dormition, Smolensk 282

Cathedral of the Dormition, Vladimir 15

Cathedral Square, Moscow 8, 9, 10, 14, 20

Catherine I, Empress of Russia 5, 52, 62, 77, 143, 179

Catherine II the Great, Empress of Russia

birth (21 April 1729; as Princess Sophie Auguste Friderike of Anhalt-Zerbst) 4, 23, 333

appearance 10, 27, 49, 58, 180, 302, 314, 332

health 24, 49, 72, 82, 85, 89, 149, 157, 192, 239, 243, 267, 289–90, 294–5, 303