Robert Service - Spies and Commissars

1. G. A. Hill, Go Spy the Land , p. 77.

2. Ibid ., pp. 78–9.

3. L. de Robien, The Diary of a Diplomat in Russia , p. 33.

4. Ibid ., p. 41.

5. New York Times , 21 June 1917.

6. D. Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald , pp. 213 and 215.

7. B. Beatty, The Red Heart of Russia , p. 37.

8. New York Times , 17 May 1917.

9. Ibid ., 15 June 1917.

10. B. Beatty, The Red Heart of Russia , pp. 37, 41 and 44.

11. New York Times , 16 August 1917.

12. Ibid ., 18 August 1917.

13. US Consulate — Leningrad [ sic ]: Dispatches to the Secretary of State (HIA), dispatches 274, 293, 330 and 339.

14. R. H. Bruce Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent, Being an Account of the Author’s Early Life in Many Lands and of his Official Mission to Moscow in 1918 , pp. 153–4.

15. J. Noulens, Mon ambassade en Russie Soviétique, 1917–1919 , vol. 1, p. 89.

16. Ibid ., vol. 2, p. 243.

17. Ibid.

18. Ibid. , p. 242.

19. Ibid. , pp. 243–4.

20. Ibid. , vol. 1, pp. 9 and 21.

21. D. S. Foglesong, America’s Secret War against Bolshevism: U.S. Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1917–1920 , pp. 108–9.

22. C. Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only , pp. 38–9.

23. Ibid ., pp. 46–7.

24. Ibid. , p. 47.

25. G. R. Swain, ‘Maugham, Masaryk and the “Mensheviks” ’, Revolutionary Russia , no. 1 (1994), pp. 83–5.

26. J. Noulens, Mon ambassade en Russie Soviétique, 1917–1919 , vol. 1, p. 177.

27. L. Bryant, Six Red Months in Russia , p. 65.

28. D. S. Foglesong, America’s Secret War against Bolshevism , pp. 108–9.

29. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Sixty-Fifth Congress, Third Session and Thereafter Pursuant to Senate Resolutions 439 and 469 — February 11, 1919 to March 10, 1919 , p. 779 (Robins).

30. Ibid .

31. C. Nabokoff, The Ordeal of a Diplomat , p. 64.

32. Sir George Buchanan, My Mission to Russia and Other Diplomatic Memories , pp. 192–3; J. Noulens, Mon ambassade en Russie Soviétique, 1917–1919 , vol. 1, pp. 89–91.

33. W. Hard, Raymond Robins’ Own Story , pp. 49–50.

34. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate , p. 790.

35. W. Hard, Raymond Robins’ Own Story , p. 52.

1. R. Chambers, The Last Englishman: The Double Life of Arthur Ransome , pp. 72–82.

2. MI5g1: S.F. 39/9/150[?]: Extract from A. Ransome’s letter to his wife Ivy, 1 July 1917.

3. Ibid .

4. R. Chambers, The Last Englishman , p. 166.

5. ‘Svidetel’stvo’, 7 August 1917: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), folder: Robin Bruce Lockhart, ‘2 Reilly: Documentary Material’, folder 2.

6. R. H. Bruce Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent, Being an Account of the Author’s Early Life in Many Lands and of his Official Mission to Moscow in 1918 , p. 122.

7. W. F. Ryan, ‘The Great Beast in Russia: Aleister Crowley’s Theatrical Tour in 1913 and his Beastly Writings on Russia’, in A. McMillin (ed.), Symbolism and After: Essays on Russian Poetry in Honour of Georgette Donchin , p. 155.

8. ‘Svidetel’stvo’, 7 August 1917: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), folder: Robin Bruce Lockhart, ‘2 Reilly: Documentary Material’, folder 2.

9. J. Noulens, Mon ambassade en Russie Soviétique, 1917–1919 , vol. 2, p. 115.

10. M. Philips Price (ed.), The Diplomatic History of the War , p. 46.

11. J. Reed, ‘Almost Thirty’, New Republic , April 1936, pp. 267–70.

12. Washington Post , 4 July 1917.

13. Ibid ., 13 April 1917.

14. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Sixty-Fifth Congress, Third Session and Thereafter Pursuant to Senate Resolutions 439 and 469 — February 11, 1919 to March 10, 1919 , p. 467.

15. L. Bryant, Six Red Months in Russia , pp. 19–20.

16. Ibid ., pp. 24–5.

17. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate , p. 563.

18. Ibid. , p. 476.

19. Ibid. , p. 604.

20. B. Beatty, The Red Heart of Russia , p. 132.

21. Ibid ., pp. 693–4.

22. J. S. Clarke, Pen Portraits of Russia under the ‘Red Terror’ , pp. 165–6.

23. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la révolution bolchévique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919 , pp. 37–41: letter to A. Thomas, 2/15 October 1917; J. Noulens, Mon ambassade en Russie Soviétique, 1917–1919 , vol. 1, p. 83; A. Dunois, draft introduction to an edition of J. Sadoul’s correspondence, dated May 1941, p. 2: Jacques Sadoul Papers (HIA).

24. J. Sadoul, ‘La Condition des agents consulaires at diplomatiques au point de vue fiscal: thèse pour le doctorat’ (Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence: Paris, 1908).

25. A. Dunois, draft introduction to an edition of J. Sadoul’s correspondence, dated May 1941, p. 1: Jacques Sadoul Papers (HIA).

26. J. Reed, Red Russia , book 1, p. 10. See also J. Reed, Ten Days that Shook the World (1960), pp. 78–9.

27. B. Beatty, The Red Heart of Russia , pp. 201 and 203.

28. Ibid ., pp. 13, 196 and 244.

29. J. Reed, Red Russia , book 2, p. 12.

30. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate , p. 542.

31. Ibid ., p. 721.

32. J. Reed, Ten Days that Shook the World (1960), p. 332.

33. B. Beatty, The Red Heart of Russia , p. 134.

34. A. Rhys Williams, Lenin: The Man and his Work , p. 79.

35. Ibid ., pp. 79–80.

36. Ibid. , p. 73.

37. Ibid. , p. 80.

1. E. H. Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution , vol. 3, pp. 9–14.

2. See R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life , vol. 2, p. 273.

3. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Sixty-Fifth Congress, Third Session and Thereafter Pursuant to Senate Resolutions 439 and 469 — February 11, 1919 to March 10, 1919 , p. 494.

4. See for example J. Reed, Ten Days that Shook the World (1960), pp. 220 and 336.

5. Ibid ., pp. 240 and 298.

6. B. Beatty, The Red Heart of Russia , pp. 193 and 195.

7. L. Bryant, Six Red Months in Russia , p. 145.

8. Ibid ., pp. 145–6.

9. L. Bryant, Mirrors of Moscow , p. 140.

10. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la révolution bolchévique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919 , p. 68: letter to A. Thomas, 28 October/10 November 1917.

11. Ibid ., pp. 55–6: letter to A. Thomas, 25 October/7 November 1917.

12. Letters to A. Thomas, 26 October/8 November 1917, ibid ., pp. 58–60, and 27 October/9 November 1917, p. 65.

13. Ibid. , p. 83: letter to A. Thomas, 2/15 November 1917.

14. See R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life , vol. 2, pp. 183–90.

15. L. Trotskii, Moya zhizn’ , vol. 2, p. 64.

16. J. Reed, Ten Days that Shook the World (1960), p. 347.