Robert Service - Spies and Commissars

Sokolnikov, Grigori, ref 1, ref 2

Sokolovskaya, Alexandra, ref 1

Soskice, David, ref 1

soviets: as basis for government, ref 1, ref 2; and the Bolsheviks, ref 1, ref 2; in factories, ref 1; and garrison troops, ref 1, ref 2; and Kerenski, ref 1; and the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; propaganda in elections to, ref 1; and the Provisional Government, ref 1, ref 2; and sale of grain, ref 1; transfer of power to, ref 1; see also Petrograd Soviet

Sovnarkom (Council of People’s Commissars): and Allied assistance in training for Red Army, ref 1; and American communists, ref 1; Anglo-Soviet trade talks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; the Brest-Litovsk treaty, ref 1, ref 2; and the Cheka, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and the Cheka freed from legal restraints, ref 1; Chicherin and Petrov, ref 1; and Constituent Assembly, ref 1; and the Czechs, ref 1, ref 2; defended by MacDonald, ref 1; demobilization of Russian Army, ref 1; and diplomatic exchange with Germany, ref 1; and diplomatic recognition internationally, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and diplomatic safety, ref 1; diplomacy: use of ‘unofficial agents’, ref 1, ref 2; and economic situation and foreign trade, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; and Finnish independence, ref 1; and former Russian Empire, ref 1, ref 2; forms Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army, ref 1; and German and Austrian diplomats, ref 1; and German high command, ref 1; and German strategic interests, ref 1; and intelligence activity, ref 1, ref 2; journalist accreditation, ref 1; journalist accreditation: Decree on Press, ref 1; and Komuch, ref 1; lack of diplomatic service, ref 1; and Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, ref 1, ref 2; and Left Socialist-Revolutionaries: Blyumkin kills Mirbach, ref 1; and Litvinov, ref 1, ref 2; the Lockhart Plot, ref 1, ref 2; and Murmansk landings by Allies, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and Murmansk: request for German help, ref 1; occupation of telegraph offices, ref 1; overthrows Provisional Government, ref 1; POWs freed from detention camps, ref 1; and propaganda, ref 1; revolutionary decrees of, ref 1, ref 2; and Romania, ref 1; and the Romanovs, ref 1; and the Russian co-operative movement, ref 1; and secret Allied treaties, ref 1; sue for peace with Germans, ref 1; supplementary treaty with Germany, ref 1; and Sweden, ref 1; and trade with America, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and trade with America: famine relief, ref 1; and trade with Germany, ref 1; and Ukraine, ref 1, ref 2; use of couriers, ref 1; and Western Bolshevik sympathisers, ref 1, ref 2

Spalajkovic, Serbin Ambassador, ref 1

Spargo, John, ref 1, ref 2

Spartakusbund and Spartacists: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; leaders of, ref 1; revolution in Germany, ref 1, ref 2

Spears, E. L., ref 1

Spies Petroleum Company, ref 1

Spiridonova, Maria, ref 1

SS George Washington (ship), ref 1

SS Kristianiafjord , ref 1, ref 2

Stalin, Joseph: and Brest-Litovsk talks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and British Secret Service, ref 1; and Churchill, ref 1; and communization of Eastern Europe, ref 1; and conditional support for Provisional Government, ref 1; and defence of Petrograd, ref 1; and federation of communist republics, ref 1; health of, ref 1; on the invasion of Ukraine, ref 1; and recognition of new Soviet republics, ref 1; and the Red Army advance into Poland, ref 1; and regime of radical changes, ref 1; significance of pseudonym, ref 1; suspicion of ‘bourgeois’ experts, ref 1; and Trotsky, ref 1; on the Volunteer Army, ref 1

Starzhevskaya, Olga, ref 1, ref 2

Stasova, Yelena, ref 1

State and Revolution, The (Lenin), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

State Department, United States: and Felix Frankfurter, ref 1; and John Reed, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and John Reed: memo, ref 1; and Nuorteva, ref 1; and Soviet commercial requests, ref 1; sympathisers in, ref 1

Steed, Henry Wickham, ref 1

Steffens, Lincoln, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Stevenson, Frances, ref 1, ref 2

Streseman, Gustav, ref 1

Strong, Anna Louise, ref 1

Struve, Pëtr, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

submarines, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

Supreme Council (of Allies): and Estonian government, ref 1; founded, ref 1; lifts economic blockade, ref 1; policies and Churchill, ref 1; and Polish offer of attack on Soviets, ref 1; quarantines Bolshevism, ref 1

Sverdlov, Yakov: and Brest-Litovsk talks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and expenses for delegation to Germany, ref 1; and international communist congress, ref 1; and military apparel, ref 1; and Mirbach, ref 1; and news that Germany to sue for peace, ref 1; and the Romanovs, ref 1; takes command after Lenin shot, ref 1

Swallows and Amazons (Ransome), ref 1

Sweden, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Switzerland, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Syria, ref 1

Szamuely, Tibor, ref 1, ref 2

Tactical Centre, ref 1

Tambov peasant revolt, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

telegraphy, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12; see also Hughes apparatus

Ten Days that Shook the World (Reed), ref 1

Tereshchenko, Foreign Affairs Minister, ref 1

Thalheimer, August, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Thälmann, Ernst, ref 1, ref 2

Theory and Practice of Bolshevism, The (Russell), ref 1

Thomas, Albert, ref 1, ref 2

Thompson, William B., ref 1

Thomson, Basil, ref 1

Thorne, Will, ref 1

Tiflis bank robbery (1907), ref 1, ref 2

Tikhon, Patriarch, ref 1

Times, The , ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; and Kamenev, ref 1, ref 2; and Paul Dukes, ref 1, ref 2; as source of information, ref 1, ref 2

Tobolsk, Siberia, ref 1, ref 2

Toller, Ernst, ref 1

Tolstoy, Alexei, ref 1

Tomski, Head of Soviet trade union, ref 1

Tornio, Finland, ref 1, ref 2

Trachtenberg, Alexander L., ref 1

trade agreements, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Anglo-Soviet trade treaty, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Trades Union Congress, ref 1

trade unions: and Bolsheviks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; in Britain: against military action, ref 1, ref 2; in Britain: Seamen’s Union, ref 1; elections to, ref 1; expanding network of, ref 1; in Germany, ref 1, ref 2; in Hungary, ref 1; and the New Economic Policy, ref 1; Profintern as international agency for, ref 1; strike by Railwaymen’s Union, ref 1; and Tomski, ref 1

Trans-Siberian railway, ref 1, ref 2

Transylvania, ref 1

Trentino, ref 1, ref 2

Trotsky, Lev Davidovich: on Admiral Altvater, ref 1; and America, ref 1, ref 2; and America: American Railway Mission to Russia, ref 1; and American Relief Administration, ref 1; and Bertrand Russell, ref 1; and Brest-Litovsk treaty, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and the British, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and the British: Litvinov as ‘plenipotentiary’, ref 1; and the British: Murmansk landings, ref 1; and the Central Committee, ref 1; and Comintern, ref 1, ref 2; Congress of Soviets, ref 1; and Czech former POWs, ref 1; and diplomatic links, ref 1; and the domestic economic system, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and the Estonian offensive, ref 1; and European revolution, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; exile and death, ref 1; and Faux-Pas Bidet, ref 1; and foreign trade, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and France, ref 1; and Germany, ref 1; interview with John Reed, ref 1; the Kronstadt mutiny, ref 1, ref 2; the Lockhart plot, ref 1, ref 2; marriage to Alexandra Sokolovskaya, ref 1; and Marxism, ref 1, ref 2; as People’s Commissar for Military Affairs, ref 1; as People’s Commissar of Foreign Affairs, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; in the Petrograd Soviet, ref 1, ref 2; and the Polish offensive, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; political ideology, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; political ideology: What Next? (booklet), ref 1; and POWs, ref 1; and the proletarian dictatorship, ref 1, ref 2; and propaganda, ref 1; and propaganda: Bureau of International revolutionary Propaganda, ref 1; and the Provisional Government, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; and Raymond Robins, ref 1; return to Russia (1917), ref 1; on the Romanov killings, ref 1; and Russian economy, ref 1; sculpted by Clare Sheridan, ref 1; as seen by others, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; and supporters in the West, ref 1; and the war with Komuch, ref 1; and the Western Allies, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and Yevgenia Shelepina, ref 1