Robert Service - Spies and Commissars

Paris Peace Conference, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Parvus, Alexander Helphand, ref 1

Pasha, Enver, ref 1

peasants: and agricultural system, ref 1; attack troops of Kolchak, ref 1; and Bolshevism, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and the Decree on Land, ref 1, ref 2; in Hungary, ref 1, ref 2; in Kandalaksha, ref 1; ‘kulaks’, ref 1; and land of gentry landlords, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and the New Economic Policy, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; resentment of, ref 1; and sale of grain, ref 1; in slogans of Lenin, ref 1; Soviet leaders and, ref 1; support for Socialist-Revolutionaries, ref 1; and the Supreme Government of North Russia, ref 1; the Tambov peasant revolt, ref 1; in Ukraine, ref 1; in uniform, ref 1, ref 2; in view of Zalkind, ref 1; and the village communes, ref 1; and the Workers’ Opposition, ref 1

Persia, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Pétain, Marsall, ref 1

Peter-Paul Fortress, Petrograd, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Peters, Yakov: attitude to violence, ref 1, ref 2; and Cheka, ref 1, ref 2; the Decree on Peace, ref 1; and Lockhart Plot, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; and Naudeau, ref 1; postal communication with UK, ref 1; and Western Bolshevik sympathisers, ref 1

Petit, Georges, ref 1

Petit Parisien (newspaper), ref 1

Petliura, Symon, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Petrograd, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Battle for (October 1919), ref 1, ref 2

Petrograd Soviet: elected by workers and soldiers, ref 1; and the Military-Revolutionary Committee, ref 1, ref 2; and the Provisional Government, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and the Provisional Government: overthrown, ref 1; in Smolny Institute, ref 1; and socialist ministers, ref 1; and Trotsky, ref 1, ref 2

Petrov, Pëtr, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Phelan, Edward, ref 1

Philadelphia Public Ledger , ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Philips Price, Morgan, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Labour MP, ref 1

Phillips, William, ref 1

Picton Bagge, John, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Pilsudski, Józef: defence of Warsaw, ref 1; and Dzerzhinski, ref 1; and the ‘Litbel’ republic, ref 1; need to eliminate Bolshevism, ref 1; and the Politburo, ref 1; strategy to expand territory, ref 1; tells Russian forces to leave Poland, ref 1; and Ukraine, ref 1, ref 2; postscript, ref 1

Pius XII, Pope, ref 1

Plekhanov, Georgi, ref 1, ref 2

‘plenipotentiaries’: Béla Kun, ref 1; Berzin in Switzerland, ref 1, ref 2; at Brest-Litovsk, ref 1; and clandestine activity, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Litvinov in Britain, ref 1; lose use of diplomatic bags, ref 1; Soviet leaders refer to German ambassador, ref 1; Zalkind, ref 1

Poincaré, Georges, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Poland: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; and the American Relief Administration, ref 1; and Germany, ref 1; nationalism in, ref 1

Politburo (Political Bureau):, ref 1, ref 2; and Central Europe, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and Comintern, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; the Kronstadt mutiny, ref 1, ref 2; and the March Action, ref 1; and the New Economic Policy, ref 1; and Poland, ref 1; and Profintern, ref 1; and rural revolts, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; secret agents of, ref 1, ref 2; and trade with Russia, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and the Yudenich offensive on Petrograd, ref 1

Poole, DeWitt Clinton: flies Norwegian flag, ref 1; and meeting with Lockhart, ref 1; and Reilly, ref 1, ref 2

Poole, Frederick: and American embassy, ref 1; and British withdrawal, ref 1; and Chicherin and the Germans, ref 1; in command of operation to seize Archangel, ref 1; and expanding operations, ref 1; plan for invasion, ref 1; ultimatum to city, ref 1

Pravda : Bukharin’s resignation from, ref 1; and Chicherin, ref 1; on conditions for working people, ref 1; on German ambassador, ref 1; and Lenin, ref 1; on the Lockhart Plot, ref 1; on possibility of German revolution, ref 1; reports on foreign trade, ref 1, ref 2; reports on Red Army, ref 1; reports on western front, ref 1; reports speech of H. G. Wells, ref 1

Profintern, ref 1

Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky, The (Lenin), ref 1

propaganda: and Albert Rhys Williams, ref 1; of Bolsheviks among POWs, ref 1, ref 2; Bolshevik use of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Bolshevik use of: Boris Savinkov, ref 1; Bolshevik use of: in Allied countries, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Bolshevik use of in America, ref 1; Bolshevik use of: in America, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Bolshevik use of: in elections, ref 1; Bolshevik use of: in Germany, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Bolshevik use of: to soldiers, ref 1; and Brest-Litovsk talks, ref 1; and British trade talks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Bureau of International Revolutionary Propaganda, ref 1; Council for Propaganda and Action in Baku, ref 1; counter-revolutionary in Russia, ref 1; in film, ref 1; and Herbert Hoover, ref 1; and John Reed, ref 1, ref 2; Litvinov refused visa because of, ref 1; Litvinov’s letter to President Wilson, ref 1; Ludwig Martens speech in New York, ref 1; in print, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; in print: John Reed, ref 1; in print: spilled in Germany, ref 1; and Rothstein, ref 1; and Trotsky, ref 1; and Trotsky: among POWs, ref 1; and Trotsky: his instinct for, ref 1

Provisional Government in Russia: allows Trotsky’s release from Halifax, ref 1; blamed by Bolsheviks for collapse of urban economy, ref 1; Bolshevik Central Committee and conditional support for, ref 1; Bolsheviks call for overthrow of, ref 1; and collapse of urban economy, ref 1, ref 2; consent of Petrograd Soviet for, ref 1; dependency on socialist support in soviets, ref 1; diplomats of, and Western Allies, ref 1; downfall of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; funds remaining in Western banks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; internal dispute over Ukraine, ref 1; and Lenin, ref 1; Lenin impressed by reforms of, ref 1; Menshevik support for, ref 1; October Revolution denounced by diplomats of, ref 1, ref 2; Petrograd Soviet and military discipline, ref 1; Petrograd Soviet and war aims of Milyukov, ref 1; political emigrants and opposition to, ref 1; resentment against, ref 1; and the Romanovs, ref 1; and Russian embassy in London, ref 1; takes power, ref 1; Trotsky coordinates armed action against, ref 1; trouble for, ref 1; and waning power of Kerenski, ref 1; and the Western Allies, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and Western Bolshevik sympathisers, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Provisional Revolutionary Committee, Poland, ref 1

pseudonyms of Bolsheviks, ref 1

Pskov, Russia, ref 1

Pulitzer, Joseph, ref 1

Purcell, A. A., ref 1, ref 2

Putilov, Alexei, ref 1

Radek, Karl: and Ambassador Francis, ref 1, ref 2; at Baku, ref 1; conversation with Khristo Rakovski, ref 1; in Department of Prisoners-of-War, ref 1; description of, ref 1; and diplomatic links with Germany, ref 1; on German Communist Party, ref 1; and Germans suing for peace, ref 1; imprisoned in Germany, ref 1, ref 2; and information gathering, ref 1; and Lenin, ref 1; and Lockhart, ref 1; and the March Action, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and Mirbach, ref 1, ref 2; and Ransome, ref 1; release from prison, ref 1; return to Russia, ref 1, ref 2; and revolutionary socialism, ref 1, ref 2; rivalry with Karakhan, ref 1; and Spartakusbund congress, ref 1; postscript, ref 1

Radziwill, Princess Catherine, ref 1

Railwaymen’s Union, ref 1

Rakovski, Khristo: communication with Radek, ref 1; at congress in Berlin, ref 1; and Ioffe, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and the March Congress, ref 1; and Radek, ref 1; and Red administration in Kiev, ref 1

Ransome, Arthur: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8; admiration of Trotsky, ref 1; marriage to Yevgenia Shelepina, ref 1; and Radek, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and the Secret Service, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; writings of, ref 1, ref 2

Ransome, Ivy (née Walker), ref 1