Robert Service - Spies and Commissars

British Empire, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

British Foreign Office: and Kamenev, ref 1, ref 2; and Litvinov, ref 1; and the Lockhart Plot, ref 1; and Western Allies support for Russia, ref 1

British-Russian Club, London, ref 1

British Socialist Party, ref 1

Brusilov, Alexei, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Bryant, Louise: and American sub-committee on Russian propaganda, ref 1; background, ref 1; and Bessie Beatty, ref 1; booklets on Russia published, ref 1; courier for Soviet government, ref 1; and death of John Reed, ref 1; and fall of Provisional Government, ref 1; interview with Krasin, ref 1; loss of job with Philadelphia Public Ledger , ref 1; marriage to John Reed, ref 1; and Senate Committee on Bolshevik propaganda, ref 1; and Soviet propaganda in America, ref 1; speech at Madison Square Gardens, ref 1; travel to Russia delay, ref 1; on Trotsky, ref 1; and Trotsky, ref 1, ref 2; and Yakov Peters, ref 1, ref 2; postscript, ref 1

Buchanan, Sir George: and Ambassador Francis, ref 1; and detention of Trotsky in Halifax, ref 1; granted sick leave, ref 1, ref 2; and imprisonment of Chicherin and Petrov, ref 1, ref 2; language skills of, ref 1; and Lockhart, ref 1; and question of support for Russia, ref 1, ref 2; postscript, ref 1

Buchan, John, ref 1

Buckler, W. H., ref 1

Budberg, Moura, see Benckendorff, Moura

Buford (ship), ref 1

Buikis, Jan, ref 1

Bukharin, Nikolai: ref 1; and changes in contemporary capitalism, ref 1; and collective farms, ref 1; and Comintern congress, ref 1; on communism, ref 1, ref 2; and French offer of military assistance, ref 1; ill health of, ref 1; and Ioffe, ref 1; and Liebknecht, ref 1; and the March Action, ref 1, ref 2; and peace treaty with Central Powers, ref 1, ref 2; and planning of international communist congress, ref 1; and Pravda , ref 1; and repressive measures, ref 1; and Spartakusbund congress, ref 1

Bulak-Balakhovich, Stanislav, ref 1, ref 2

Bulgaria, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

Bullitt, William C.: background, ref 1; as emissary to Moscow, ref 1, ref 2; encouraged by Felix Frankfurter, ref 1; and gaining information, ref 1; letter to Lansing, ref 1; letter to Wilson, ref 1; and Lloyd George, ref 1; marriage to Louise Bryant, ref 1; and Nuorteva, ref 1, ref 2; outcome of Moscow visit, ref 1; in the State Department, ref 1, ref 2; resignation from State Department, ref 1; postscript, ref 1

Bureau of International Revolutionary Propaganda, ref 1

Buxton, Charles Roden, ref 1, ref 2

Cachin, Marcel, ref 1

Callaghan, Margaret Reilly, ref 1

Call (magazine), ref 1

Camber Higgs, William, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Canada, ref 1, ref 2

Cantacuzène, Princess, ref 1

capitalism, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8; American view of, ref 1; Bolshevik view of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9; Bolshevik view of, in America, ref 1, ref 2; Bolshevik view of, in Europe, ref 1, ref 2; Bolshevik view of Provisional Government, ref 1; ‘finance capitalism’, ref 1; and Germany, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; and higher standard of living, ref 1, ref 2; and Italy, ref 1; and Marxist theory, ref 1, ref 2; in report of Labour delegation, ref 1; and Russian economy, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8; and Russian economy: American view of, ref 1; and Trotsky, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Carson, Sir Edward, ref 1

Castro, Fidel, ref 1

Cecil, Lord Robert, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Central Committee of Bolsheviks: and Brest-Litovsk talks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and Brest-Litovsk treaty: Germany’s continued advances, ref 1; and conditional support for Provisional Government, ref 1; and demonstration against government policy, ref 1; and discussions for socialist coalition, ref 1; establishment of the Politburo, ref 1; and Georgia, ref 1; and intelligence activity, ref 1; and Lenin, ref 1; Lenin puts case for an uprising, ref 1; majority of supporters of Lenin in, ref 1, ref 2; and oil concessions in Baku, ref 1; and Poland, ref 1, ref 2; and trade with Britain, ref 1; and transfer of power to the soviets, ref 1

Central Powers: ref 1; advances of, ref 1; the Brest-Litovsk treaty, ref 1; and France, ref 1; German and Austrian diplomats in Petrograd, ref 1, ref 2; and the June military offensive, ref 1; and Ukraine, ref 1, ref 2

Central Rada, Ukraine: delegation at Brest-Litovsk, ref 1; and French initiative, ref 1; Germans install client ruler, ref 1; and Russian Provisional Government, ref 1; separate peace with Central Powers, ref 1; and Sovnarkom, ref 1

Chaikovski, Nikolai, ref 1, ref 2

Cheka (Extraordinary Commission): and the Bolshevik party, ref 1; and code-breaking and encryption, ref 1; and counter-revolutionary activity in Bolshevist areas, ref 1; and covert operations, ref 1, ref 2; damage to Western intelligence networks, ref 1, ref 2; and dictatorship, ref 1; and Dzerzhinski, ref 1, ref 2; established, ref 1; in Europe, ref 1; execution of Reilly, ref 1; exploitation of Boris Savinkov, ref 1; and foreign military campaigns, ref 1; freed from legal restraints by Sovnarkom, ref 1; learns to organize intelligence, ref 1; and the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; liquidation of anticommunist groups, ref 1, ref 2; and the Lockhart Plot, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and the National Centre, ref 1; and Poland, ref 1; under pressure, ref 1; and Ransome, ref 1; and Raymond Robins, ref 1; recruiting for, ref 1; and the Red Terror, ref 1, ref 2; release of prisoners with English names, ref 1; and subversion in former Russian Empire, ref 1; and the Tactical Centre, ref 1; targets named in Constitution, ref 1; and Trotsky, ref 1; and violence, ref 1; and Western politics, ref 1

Chelyabinsk Soviet, ref 1

Chesham House, London, ref 1, ref 2

Chicherin, Georgi: and Ambassador Francis, ref 1; and Anglo-Soviet trade talks, ref 1; appointed People’s Commissar of Foreign Affairs, ref 1; in Brixton prison, ref 1, ref 2; and Bullitt, ref 1; and courier work, ref 1, ref 2; deputizing for Trotsky, ref 1; and exchange of prisoners with Britain, ref 1, ref 2; and German involvement in Russia, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; at meeting in Genoa, ref 1; and Mirbach, ref 1; and peace with Latvia and Lithuania, ref 1; at the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and Raymond Robins, ref 1; repatriation issues of, ref 1, ref 2; retirement and death of, ref 1; and subversive activity, ref 1; and Turkey, ref 1; and visit of British Labour delegation, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Chkheidze, Nikolai, ref 1

Christian Science Monitor , ref 1

Church, see religion

Churchill, Winston: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; accused of deceit, ref 1; asked for paper costing of military options, ref 1; on Bolshevism, ref 1; British-Russian Club talk, ref 1; and Clare Sheridan, ref 1, ref 2; and the Independent Labour Party, ref 1; ‘iron curtain’ reference, ref 1; opposition to trade with Soviet Russia, ref 1; the Paris Peace Conference, ref 1; and Poland, ref 1, ref 2; political militant against the Bolsheviks, ref 1, ref 2; and supplies for White forces, ref 1; postscript, ref 1, ref 2

Cisneros, Garrido, ref 1

City of Marseilles (ship), ref 1

civil war: and the Bolsheviks, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; in Finland, ref 1; in Hungary, ref 1; in Russia, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Clarke, John, ref 1, ref 2

Clemenceau, Georges: becomes premier, ref 1; description of, ref 1; and finance for White forces, ref 1; and information gathering, ref 1; objection to Wilson’s proposal for Russian peace, ref 1; and Polish off to attack Soviet Russia, ref 1; retirement of, ref 1; and Russian policy of Allies, ref 1; on sending French troops to Russia, ref 1; and terms of German treaty at Versailles, ref 1; views on Russia, ref 1; and Wilson, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; and withdrawal of French troops from Ukraine, ref 1