Richard Rhodes - The Making of the Atomic Bomb

background of, 237–40

Szilard and, 237–40, 267–68, 281, 287, 289, 292, 301, 507

Strauss, Rosa Lichtenstein, 237–38

Streicher, Julius, 25

strontium, 511

Strutt, John William, Lord Rayleigh, 62–63, 228

“Studies in the electron theory of metals” (Bohr), 64

Styer, Wilhelm, D., 425, 427–28

sub-atomic energy, 140–41

sub-critical uranium burner, 343

submarines, nuclear power for, 549–51

Sudetenland, 244–46

“Super-explosive U235” (Hagiwara), 375

Supreme Court, U.S., 619

surge generator, 238–40, 281

Suzuki, Kantaro, 693

Suzuki, Tatsusaburoõ, 327, 346

Swann, William F. G., 144

Sweden, 256, 483–84

Swedish Academy of Sciences, Physical Institute of, 236, 250

Sweeney, Charles W., 739–40

Szilard, Béla, 239

Szilard, Gertrud Weiss, 236–37, 507, 735

Szilard, Leo, 44, 264, 315

administration of atomic bomb project and, 412, 413, 422–24

appearance of, 13, 236–37, 507

on arms race, 635–36, 637

atomic bomb’s use protested by, 697

on atomic energy, 25, 27–28, 213–14, 223, 268

Berlin described by, 18–19

biology as interest of, 26

Bush and, 413, 505–6, 508–9

Byrnes and, 636–38, 649

Compton and, 399–400, 423–24, 503–6, 635–36

on cyclotron, 21, 23

Der Bund and, 21–23, 292

eccentricities of, 506–7

education of, 14–20, 109

ego of, 21, 303

Einstein and, 14, 16, 20–21, 169, 174, 303–4, 305–8, 312–14, 331–32, 635–36

Fermi and, 280–81, 290–91, 298–303, 317, 331, 334, 338, 344–45, 374, 394–95, 442, 504–5, 508, 509

government surveillance of, 506–7, 638

Groves’s disagreements with, 502–3, 506, 508, 649

Hahn and, 45

heritage of, 13, 14, 27, 106–8

Hiroshima atomic bombing and, 735

on home refrigeration, 20–21, 174

Jewish emigration and, 26, 192–95

Laue and, 17, 19–20

Lavender and, 506, 507–8

Lindemann and, 222–25, 236, 246

Los Alamos described by, 451

Mandl and, 24–25, 26

Manhattan Project challenged by, 502–10

Meitner and, 25, 187

military aspects of nuclear fission and, 303–9, 312–17, 331, 338, 345, 346, 350, 369–70, 372

on neutrons, 28, 300

on nuclear chain reactions, 28, 203–4, 214–16, 221–25, 246–47, 254, 279–82, 289, 291–92, 298–308, 315–17, 331, 334, 338, 344, 394, 397, 442

nuclear fission and, 267–68, 271, 287

nuclear physics as interest of, 23, 24–26

Oppenheimer and, 641–42

patents of, 14, 20–21, 223–25, 239, 254, 271, 504–8

pile studies and, 397, 411, 439, 442, 503

Planck and, 16–17, 70

Polanyi and, 25, 31, 70, 221–22, 224, 237

political implications of atomic bomb and, 635–38, 641–42, 649

politics as interest of, 14, 21–22, 24–25, 108, 508–9

Rabi and, 279–80

radioactivity research of, 44, 203–4, 238

Roosevelt and, 635–36

Rutherford and, 27–28, 204, 215

Snow on, 21

Strauss and, 237–40, 267–68, 281, 287, 289, 292, 301, 507

Teller and, 281, 289–92, 295, 303, 306–7, 697

on thermodynamic theories, 19–20

Truman and, 636, 649

Turner and, 346, 350

utopian plans of, 21–22, 24–25, 107

Weizmann and, 193, 221–22

Wells and, 14, 21, 24, 26, 107

Wigner and, 16, 18–19, 187, 266, 281–82, 292–93, 303–4, 312–13, 498, 507, 509

X-ray crystallography and, 20

Zinn and, 288–89, 291

Szilard-Chalmers effect, 215

Taft, William Howard, 525, 618

Takeuchi, Tadashi, 458

tamper, 214, 461, 545

tanks, 103

Target Committee, 626–28, 643

agenda of, 630–31

B-29 crew training reviewed by, 638–39

targets selected by, 631–32

Tatlock, Jean, 446, 571

Taylor, Geoffrey, 522, 545

Taylor instabilities, 545

tear gas, 90–92, 94–95

Technische Hochschule, 16, 87, 109

Teheran Conference (1943), 536

Teller, Edward, 127, 185, 428

appearance of, 538

atomic bomb design and, 416–20, 540

atomic bomb’s use supported by, 697

background of, 106–9, 111–13, 126, 179, 189, 415

Bethe and, 374, 415–19, 453, 524, 538–40, 543, 545–46

Bohr and, 500

Conant and, 563

critical-mass calculations of, 335, 540

emigration of, 189–90, 193–94

Fermi and, 231–32, 374–75, 565

Gamow and, 225, 269

on heavy-water piles, 524

hydrogen bomb and, 374–75, 416–18, 539–40, 543, 546, 563

implosion studies and, 540, 545–46

Los Alamos and, 460, 538–40, 543, 545–46, 565, 570

on morality of weapons work, 335–36

Neumann and, 480

nuclear chain reactions and, 289–301, 315–17

Oppenheimer and, 415, 417, 444, 449, 453–54, 511–12, 538–40, 546, 552, 570

plutonium extraction and, 410

radioactive warfare and, 510

Roosevelt and, 335–36

Serber and, 665

Szilard and, 281, 289–92, 295, 303, 306–7, 697

thermonuclear reactions and, 418–20

Trinity and, 656, 665, 668–69, 672

Ulam and, 538, 543, 546

Teller, Max, 111, 113

Teller, Mici Harkanyi, 225, 281, 416, 428, 538, 765

on Los Alamos, 564–65

Teller, Paul, 538, 564

Tempest, The (Shakespeare), 468

Tennessee Eastman, 491–92, 600, 649–50

Terman, Lewis M., 143

TERMINAL, see Potsdam Conference

thermal-diffusion plants, 533, 602

thermodynamics, 19–20, 30–31, 70–71

thermonuclear fusion, 374–75, 417–18

thermonuclear reactions:

Bethe on, 150, 370, 415, 418–19

in deuterium, 416–21, 466, 540, 543–44

Gamow and, 370

Oppenheimer on, 418–19, 564

Teller on, 418–20

Thin Man, 541, 582

Thomas, Charles A., 579–80

Thomsen, Vilhelm, 55

Thomson, G. P., 296

military aspects of nuclear fission and, 329–30, 339–41, 343, 368–70, 377

nuclear advisory committee of, 329–30, 339–41, 343

Thomson, J. J., 124, 169, 216, 296, 329

Aston and, 138–40

Bohr and, 64–66

cathode ray experiments of, 38–40

electron theory sustained by, 38–39, 65, 72

Rutherford and, 37, 38–39, 49, 123

Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin), 39, 49, 230

thorium, 42–43, 45

resonance in capture cross sections of, 282–87

uranium compared to, 283–87, 322

393rd Bombardment Squadron, U.S., 582–84

Tibbets, Enola Gay Haggard, 583

Tibbets, Paul, 583–84, 679

atomic bombing of Nagasaki and, 737–39

authority of, 586

B-29 crews briefed by, 700–701, 704, 707

blockbuster program and, 589–90

combat crews of, 580–81

Enola Gay and, 703–4

evasive maneuvers practiced by, 585–86, 699

LeMay and, 680

with Little Boy strike crew, 705–11

Target Committee and, 638–39

Timaeus (Plato), 116

Time , 113, 445, 554–55

Time-Life , 518, 770

Times (London), 14, 26–27, 169

Tinian, 554–56, 593–94, 597, 679–82

Tizard, Henry T., 325, 329–30, 351, 371, 427, 470

Togo, Shigenori, 684–85, 693, 736

Tokugawa Shogunate, 712

Tokyo:

as atomic bomb target, 744

conventional bombings of, 590–91, 595–600, 612, 627, 640, 688, 734

propaganda leaflets dropped on, 744

Tolman, Richard C., 185–86, 336–37, 446, 553

Los Alamos and, 465

Oppenheimer and, 563–64

Target Committee and, 630, 638

Trinity and, 664

Trabacchi, G. C., 209, 212

Tragedy of Man, The (Madach), 107–8

Treasury Department, U.S., 490

Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism (Maxwell), 30