Richard Rhodes - The Making of the Atomic Bomb

death of, 228–30

education of, 36–39

electron theory and, 40–41, 51

Eve and, 159, 230

Geiger and, 46–48, 158

heritage and childhood of, 36

Kapitza and, 38, 164

Marsden and, 38–39, 135–36

Moseley and, 82

neutron research of, 153–58, 162, 164

Oliphant and, 38, 134–35, 229

Oppenheimer and, 123, 125

personal life of, 158–59

radioactivity studied by, 42–46, 135–38, 170

radio wave research of, 36–38

refugee rescue efforts of, 193, 195

Snow on, 38

Szilard and, 27–28, 204, 215

Thomson and, 37, 38–39, 49, 123

Weizmann’s description of, 46–47

X-ray research of, 39, 43

Rutherford, Mary Newton, 38, 39, 46, 53, 80, 83, 229

Rydberg, Johannes, 73

Rydberg constant, 73, 75, 117–18

Ryder, Arthur, 445, 662

Sachs, Alexander, 316, 369–70

Einstein’s letters and, 305–9, 312–15, 332

Roosevelt’s meetings with, 313–15

Sacre du Mesa (Flanders and Gershwin), 566

Saipan, 554–56, 587–88, 593–94, 597

San Francisco Chronicle , 273

Sassoon, Siegfried, 102

Sato, Naotake, 684–85, 693, 736

Saturday Evening Post , 680

Savitch, Pavel, 234–35, 247

“scattering of α and β particles by matter and the structure of the atom, The” (Rutherford), 50–51

Schacht, Hjalmar, 22

Schiller, J. C. F. von, 60

Schlossberger, S. V., 105

Schrödinger, Erwin, 128–29, 131

science, 31–36

discovery in, 151–52, 218

growing points in, 34, 38, 115

racism and, 243

republican model of, 31–32, 33–35

in time of war, 90, 95

voluntary limitation in, 35, 77

Scientific American , 310

Scientific Autobiography (Planck), 30

scientific opinion, 34–35

scintillation, 48–49, 157–58

Scott, C. P., 88, 89

Seaborg, Glenn T., 352

atomic bomb project administration and, 412–13, 431–32

Compton and, 381, 389

Goldschmidt and, 579

Oppenheimer and, 410–11, 420

personal life of, 410

pile studies and, 442

plutonium research of, 353–55, 366, 381, 389, 407–10, 413–15, 476–77, 547–48, 603, 604

Seaborg, Helen Griggs, 410

Sea Lion, Operation, 341–42

Search, The (Snow), 134

Second Air Force, U.S., 583–84, 652

Second Armored Division, U.S., 683

Segrè, Emilio, 164, 202, 231, 299

Bohr and, 114, 132

Bothe and, 159–60

Fermi and, 205–6, 208, 210–12, 240–42, 352, 395, 434, 444, 567–68, 674

fishing enjoyed by, 567–68

Los Alamos and, 451, 460–61, 540, 567–68

neutron bombardment experiments of, 208, 210–12, 216–19, 349

Oppenheimer and, 444, 449

plutonium research of, 353–55, 366

spontaneous fission and, 540–41, 548

Trinity and, 652–53, 667, 673, 674

Senate Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program, 617

Serber, Robert:

atomic bomb design and, 416–17, 460–64, 578

critical-mass calculations of, 461

Oppenheimer and, 449

Teller and, 665

Trinity and, 665, 668–70, 673

sewer-pipe bomb, 478

Shakespeare, William, 468

shaped charges, 544

Shape of Things to Come, The (Wells), 14, 26

Sherrod, Robert, 554–55

shock waves, 671–72, 674

shock-wave theory, 415

Short, Walter, C., 390–91

Shumard, Robert H., 704

Siegbahn, Karl M. G., 236, 250

Silverplate, 584

Simon, Franz:

on gaseous-diffusion barriers, 495–96

isotope-separation experiments of, 339–40, 343, 345, 492

Sinclair, Upton, 186

Site X, see Clinton Engineer Works: Oak Ridge

Site Y, see Los Alamos

Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, 487

slug canning, 557

Smith, Alice Kimball, 502

Smith, Cyril, 502, 657, 664

Smith, Frederick, 41

Smith, Herbert, 120–21, 122, 124, 445

Smith, Holland, 554

Smith, Walter Bedell, 629

Smuts, Jan Christian, 88, 90, 99–100

Snow, C. P., 134, 165, 319

on Bohr, 53–54, 57, 125, 529

on Churchill, 338, 529, 531, 537

on Einstein, 168–69, 304–5

on Roosevelt, 537

on Rutherford, 38

on Szilard, 21

on Tube Alloy discussions, 537

Society for Ethical Culture, 119

Soddy, Frederick, radioactivity studied by, 42–44, 67, 170

Solomons campaign, 518–20

Solvay Conferences (1927, 1933), 132–33, 198–200

Somervell, Brehon, 424–28

Somme, Battle of the (1916), 101

Sommerfeld, Arnold, 189, 364

Bohr and, 113–14, 115

Sörlie, Rölf, 515–17

Soviet Union:

Allied strategic bombing and, 469–70

arms race and, 527–31, 534, 536–38

German Army atrocities against, 475

German Army counterattacked by, 401–2, 469

German invasion of, 367, 501

international control of atomic bomb and, 644–46

Japanese surrender and, 684–86, 691, 692–93, 736

nuclear research in, 327, 500–502, 529, 638, 649–50

political implications of atomic bomb and, 527–31, 534, 536–38, 562, 620–21, 624–25, 633–34, 637–38, 642, 644

postwar aggression of, 645–46

Truman and, 621–23

uranium ore available to, 638, 649

Spaatz, Carl, 691, 736, 744

Hiroshima target suggested by, 696, 699

Spanish Civil War, 241, 446

Speaking Frankly (Byrnes), 683

Special Engineering Detachment (SED) GI’s, 658

spectroscopy, 72–75, 82–83

Spedding, Frank, 435, 439

Speer, Albert, 402–5, 418

Spitzer, Abe, 700–701

Stages on Life’s Way (Kierkegaard), 60, 63

Stalin, Joseph, 370, 469–70

atomic bombing of Hiroshima and, 736

Byrnes and, 646, 690, 692

Harriman and, 621

Japanese surrender and, 692

Poland and, 622–24

Potsdam Conference and, 682, 689–91

Roosevelt and, 536

Trinity and, 690

Truman and, 622–24, 625, 656, 685, 689–91

Stalingrad, 482

Standardized Casualty Rate, 734

Stassfurt mission, 607–9, 612–13

State Defense Committee, Soviet, 501

State Department, U.S., 437, 620, 630

Stern, Otto, 147, 173, 190–91, 208

Stettinius, Edward R., Jr., 628

Stiborik, Joseph, 704, 706, 708

Stimson, Henry L., 361, 378, 412, 525

background of, 617–18

Bohr and, 651

Byrnes and, 682–83, 686–87, 742

Eisenhower and, 688

Groves and, 640–41

Harrison and, 685–87, 688–89

Interim Committee and, 628–30, 633–34, 642–44, 647–50

international control of atomic bomb and, 645

Japanese program of, 683–85, 689, 693, 742

George Marshall and, 618, 640–41, 642

Oppenheimer and, 643, 645

political implications of atomic bomb and, 561–62, 620–21, 624–26, 633–34, 642–43

Potsdam Conference and, 682–83

Roosevelt and, 618, 620–21

on targeting of atomic bomb, 640–41, 648–50, 686, 689–91

Trinity and, 685–87, 688

Truman and, 617–18, 622, 623–26, 628–29, 639–40, 650–51, 682–84, 686–87, 690–91, 742

use of atomic bomb approved by, 691, 693, 696, 697, 745

warning of atomic attack and, 639–40, 647–50, 682, 684

Stolper, Gustav, 304, 305

Stone & Webster, 412, 422–23, 429, 431–32, 487, 489–91

Strassmann, Fritz, 784

actinium-lanthanum experiment of, 253–55

Hahn’s collaboration with, 234, 247–48, 251–55, 257–58, 262

uranium research of, 234, 247–48, 251–55, 257–58, 261–62

Strategic Air Force, U.S., 691, 744

Strategic Bombing Survey, U.S., 596, 599

Strauss, Alice Hanauer, 238

Strauss, Lewis Lichtenstein: