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Edwin Black - IBM and the Holocaust

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Название:
IBM and the Holocaust
Автор:
Edwin Black
Издательство:
Dialog Press
Жанр:
История / на английском языке
Год:
2009
Город:
Washington, DC
ISBN:
978-0914153108
Рейтинг книги:
3 / 5. Голосов: 1
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IBM and the Holocaust: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Published to extraordinary praise, this provocative international bestseller details the story of IBM’s strategic alliance with Nazi Germany.
provides a chilling investigation into corporate complicity, and the atrocities witnessed raise startling questions that throw IBM’s wartime ethics into serious doubt. Edwin Black’s monumental research exposes how IBM and its subsidiaries helped create enabling technologies for the Nazis, step-by-step, from the identification and cataloging programs of the 1930s to the selections of the 1940s.

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102. Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 77; also see Analytical Franco-Jewish Gazetteer 1939-1945, p. 87.

103. Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 77.

104. M.E.W. Intelligence Weekly 44 (December 19, 1942): 2, PRO FO 837/15; M.E.W. Intelligence Weekly 37 (October 31, 1942): 1, PRO FO 837/15; M.E.W. Intelligence Weekly 34 (October 31, 1942): 3, PRO FO 837/15; M.E.W. Intelligence Weekly 84 (October 31, 1942): 5, PRO FO 837/15.

105. Typed Summary of Files, X. Vallat to Vice President Baur, March 2, 1943, YIVO Frame 416 #000002; “Censuses: A Critique of the Sources,” Analytical Franco-Jewish Gazetteer, 1939-45, p. 87; “Vichy Warns All Jews to Obey New Decree,” NYT, June 22, 1941; Letter, Head of Department of Provisional Administrators to Prefect of Police, December 1, 1941, AJ 38/118; Letter, General Commission on Jewish Questions to X. Vallat, October 6, 1941, AJ 38/1142; also see Handwritten Letters, circa July 1941, June 16, 1941, July 9, 1941, July 10, 1941, AJ 74 JA; also see Letter, X. Vallat to C. Platon, June 24, 1941, AJ 38/1142; Letter, Secretary of State of Interior to Prefects in Unoccupied Zone, July 29, 1941, AJ 38/118; also see Note, General Commission on Jewish Questions, January 26, 1943, AJ 38/118; Henri Phillipe Petain, “Loi: portent prolongation du delai prevu par la loi du 2 juin 1941 prescrivent le reconsement des juifs,” AJ 38/ 1142; “Vichy Easing Jewish Law,” NYT, July 13, 1941; also see Note, X. Vallat to Vice President of Council, July 9, 1941, AJ 38/1142; Letter, X. Vallat to Minister of Interior, January 23, 1942, AJ 38/61 M70; also see Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 65; “Census of All Jews Is Planned in France,” NYT , April 22, 1941; Letter, X. Vallat to Secretary of State for National Economy and Finance, June 21, 1941, AJ 38/61M49; Letter, X. Vallat to Ministry of Interior, July 1941, AJ 38/69 M20.

106. Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 65; also see Letter, X.Vallat to Jean Francois, August 18, 1941, AJ 38/69 M70; Marrus and Paxton, pp. 54-56; see “50,000 French Jews Hit by New Decree,” NYT, October 8, 1940; Handwritten Note, Chief of Statistical Service, April 19, 1943, YIVO Frame 466; Letter, F.O. Ambert to Paris Prefecture of Police, April 15, 1943, AJ 38/69; see Expense Reports for the Months of July and September, 1941, AJ 38/3800; see Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 81.

107. “50,000 French Jews Hit by New Decree,” NYT, October 8, 1940; Adler, p. 28; also see “Paris Jews Forced to Sell Properties,” NYT , January 15, 1941.

108. Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 64; Adler, p. 28.

109. Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 82; also see Marrus and Paxton, p. 243.

110. Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 69.

111. Analytical Franco-Jewish Gazetteer 1939-1945, p. 85; also see “Vichy Orders Census,” NYT, June 1, 1941; also see Marshal Petain Law, June 2, 1941, AJ38/1142.

112. Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 81; Letter, Secretary of the Interior to Police Prefectures, July 29, 1941, AJ 38/118; “Individual Declaration,” AJ 38/1142.

113. Letter, General Commissioner on Jewish Questions to Admiral Platon, June 24, 1941; AJ 38/118; Note, X. Vallat to Vice President of Council, July 9, 1941, AJ 38/1142; Letter, X. Vallat to Platon, June 24, 1941, AJ38/1142; Note, Secretary of State of the Interior to Prefects of Occupied Zone, July 29, 1941, p. 5, AJ 38/118; Letter, Vichy to Director of Agence HAVAS, July 15, 1941, AJ38/1142; Handwritten Note by Census Staffer, July 9, 1941, AJ 38/74 JA.

114. Letter, Head of the Department of Provisional Administrator to Prefect of Police, December 1, 1941, AJ38/118; Typed Summary of Files, X. Vallat to Vice President Baur, March 2, 1943, YIVO Frame 416 #000002; Handwritten Note, April 19, 1943, YIVO Frame 466; Typed Lists with Handwritten Totals, Head Commissioner of Police of Eur-et-Loire to Police Chief of Orleans, June 6, 1942, AJ 38/1142.

115. Letter, Secretary of State of Interior to all Prefects, July 29, 1941, p. 5, AJ38/118.

116. Expense Report for September 1941, AJ 38/3800; also see Bill for Cleaning and Maintenance of Typewriters, March 24, 1943, AJ 38/3800.

117. Le “Fichier Juif,” pp. 72-73.

118. Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 85.

119. Letter, R. Carmille to X.Vallat, June 18, 1941, p. 2, AJ38/61 M49.

120. Robert Carmille, Des Apparences A La Realite: Mise Au Point, Le “Fichier Juif”: Rapport de la Commission presidee par Rene Remond au Premier Ministre (1996). pp. 3, 69, 141; Letter, R. Carmille to X. Vallat, June 18, 1941, pp. 1-2, AJ 38/61/M49; Geheim-Akten uber Fremde Staaten (Frankreich) , Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, Abteilung fur Wehrmacht-Propaganda, OKW /1605, NA RG242, T-77 Reel 1027, Secret File on Foreign States, Item d.

121. Bull Computers Chronological History, perso.club-internet.fr.febcm/english/chronoa3.htm, p. 3; “CEC Quarterly Report, Fourth Quarter 1942,” p. 25, Department of Justice, Department of War, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; Connally, p. E-14.

122. Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 143.

123. “Vichy Maps Plan of Identity Cards,” NYT, October 22, 1941; also see Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 76; also see Des Apparences A La Realite, p. 8; “Von der Ware zur Nummer,” Wirtschaftsblatt der Deutschen Allgemeinen Zeitung , October 10, 1942.

124. “Vichy Maps Plan of Identity Cards,” NYT, October 22, 1941; “Vichy Orders Census,” NYT , June 1, 1941; Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 75; Letter, R. Carmille to X. Vallat, June 18, 1941, AJ 38 61 M49; Rene Carmille, La Mecanographie dans les Administration , 2nd edition, circa Fall 1941.

125. Letter, R. Carmille to X. Vallat, June 18, 1941, AJ 38/61/M49.

126. Letter, X. Vallat to R. Carmille, June 21, 1941, AJ 38/61/M49.

127. Le “Fichier Juif,” pp. 67, 68-69, 85.

128. Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 67.

129. Le “Fichier Juif,” pp. 84-85.

130. Le “Fichier Juif,” pp. 68, 85; Letter, X. Vallat to Puecheu, January 23, 1942, AJ38 61 M70.

131. Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 68.

132. “CEC Quarterly Report, Fourth Quarter 1942,” p. 25, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.

133. Annette Kahn, Le Fichier (Paris: Robert Laffont, 1993), p. 41; Adler, p. 76; Kahn, p. 41; also see Marrus and Paxton, p. 243 and “French War Camps Now Confine Jews,” NYT, May 19, 1941.

134. Adler, pp. 75, 76; Kahn, pp. 61, 62-63.

135. Marrus and Paxton, pp. 225-226; also see Kahn, pp. 99-102.

136. Le “Fichier Juif,” pp. 77-78, 80.

137. Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 78.

138. Cynthia J. Haft, The Bargain and the Bridle: The General Union of the Israelites of France, 1941-1944 (Chicago: Dialog Press, 1983), p. 2.

139. Haft, pp. 22, 23; Letter, Georges Edinger to X. Vallat, April 8, 1943, YIVO Frame 450 #000032; Handwritten List, Chief of Service, April 19, 1943, YIVO Frame 466; also see six forms, n.d., UGIF, YIVO Folder 107 / 96 MK 490.86 UGIF records, 1940-1944, Frames 2, 5, 7-9 #000001, 000005-000007; also see note, UGIF to X. Vallat, April 1, 1943, YIVO Frame 447 #00029; also see Letter, A. Baur to X. Vallat, April 1, 1943, YIVO Frame 444 #000026; also see Letter, UGIF to X. Vallat, March 19, 1943, YIVO Frame 436 #000019.

140. Haft, p. 23.

141. Haft, pp. 22, 62.

142. Haft, pp. 62, 104.

143. Bulletin (col. I, no. 27), July 24, 1942, cited in Haft, p. 68.

144. Haft, p. 77.

145. Haft, p. 112.

146. Marrus and Paxton, pp. 246-247.

147. Marrus and Paxton, p. 246.