John-Paul Himka - Ukrainian Nationalists and the Holocaust

ibidem-Press, Stuttgart

For Chrystia

who stood beside me

Contents

Acknowledgments Acknowledgments I have received support for the research that went into this book from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Pinchas and Mark Wisen Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Killam Fund, University of Alberta; Support for the Advancement of Scholarship, Faculty of Arts, University of Alberta. I am very grateful for their generosity. It has been a pleasure working with ibidem -Verlag, particularly with Jana Dävers, Valerie Lange, and Andreas Umland. I appreciate their guidance and respect for an author’s vision of a book. I have many people to thank. Although I am responsible for all the views put forward in this volume, I have had a great deal of help along the way. Persons who need to be singled out for their contribution to the appearance of this study are Vadim Altskan, Tarik Cyril Amar, Omer Bartov, Andriy Bolianovsky, Jeffrey Burds, Marco Carynnyk, Martin Dean, Sofia Dyak, Ernest Gyidel, Wendy Lower, Jared McBride, Oleksandr Melnyk, Ada Ogonowska, Dieter Pohl, Antony Polonsky, David Lee Preston, Per Anders Rudling, Roman Solchanyk, Wiesław Tokarczuk, and Larry Warwaruk. The following scholars worked at one point or another as research assistants for this book: Eduard Baidaus, Natalka Cmoc, Eva Himka, Rylan Kafara, Taras Kurylo, Mariya Melentyeva, Michal Mlynarz, Oksana Mykhed, Iaroslav Pankovskyi, and Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe. Those who read and helped me rework chapters were Raisa Ostapenko, Alan Rutkowski, the East Europeanist Circle at the University of Alberta led by Heather Coleman, and participants in the Danyliw Seminar in 2018. I wish I had the words I need to express the depth of my gratitude.

Abbreviations Abbreviations AŻIH Archiwum Żydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego BA-MA Bundesarchiv/Militärarchiv, Freiburg CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union DALO Derzhavnyi arkhiv L’vivs’koi oblasti DAIFO Derzhavnyi arkhiv Ivano-Frankivs’koi oblasti DARO Derzhavnyi arkhiv Rivnens’koi oblasti DAZhO Derzhavnyi arkhiv Zhytomyrs’koi oblasti EM Ereignismeldungen UdSSR des Chefs der Sicherheits-polizei und SD (title varies) f. folio HDA SBU Haluzevyi derzhavnyi arkhiv Sluzhby bezpeky Ukrainy KGB Komitet gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti KPZU Komunistychna partiia Zakhidn’oi Ukrainy NANU Natsional’na Akademia nauk Ukrainy NKGB Narodnyi komissariat gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti NKVD Narodnyi komissariat vnutrennikh del NTSh Naukove tovarystvo im. Shevchenka op. opys OUN Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists OUN-B Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Bandera faction) OUN-M Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Melnyk faction) P Polish PUN Provid ukrains’kykh natsionalistiv r.g. record group Ro Romanian RSHA Reichssicherheitshauptamt SB OUN Sluzhba Bezpeky Orhanizatsii ukrains’kykh natsionalistiv SBU Sluzhba Bezpeky Ukrainy SD Sicherheitsdienst spr. sprava TsDAHO Tsentral’nyi derzhavnyi arkhiv hromads’kykh ob ”iednan’ Ukrainy TsDAVO Tsentral’nyi derzhavnyi arkhiv vyshchykh orhaniv vlady ta upravlinnia Ukrainy TsDIAL Tsentral’nyi derzhavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv Ukrainy, m. L’viv TsGAOR Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Oktiabr’skoi revoliutsii, vysshikh organov gosudarstvennoi vlasti i organov gosudarstvennogo upravleniia SSSR UCRDC Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre UHVR Ukrains’ka holovna vyzvol’na rada (Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council) UNDO Ukrains’ke natsional’ne demokratychne ob”iednannia (Ukrainian National Democratic Union) UPA Ukrains’ka povstans’ka armiia (Ukrainian Insurgent Army) USHMM United States Holocaust Memorial Museum UVO Ukrains’ka viis’kova orhanizatsiia (Ukrainian Military Organization) V verso YIUN Yahad-in Unum Testimony YVA Yad Vashem Archives

Introduction

1. Historiography

2. Sources

3. The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists

4. The First Soviets, 1939–41

5. Anti-Jewish Violence in the Summer of 1941

6. The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Police in German Service

7. The Fate of Jews in the Ukrainian Nationalist Insurgency

8. Conclusions

Bibliography

I have received support for the research that went into this book from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Pinchas and Mark Wisen Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Killam Fund, University of Alberta; Support for the Advancement of Scholarship, Faculty of Arts, University of Alberta. I am very grateful for their generosity.

It has been a pleasure working with ibidem-Verlag, particularly with Jana Dävers, Valerie Lange, and Andreas Umland. I appreciate their guidance and respect for an author’s vision of a book.

I have many people to thank. Although I am responsible for all the views put forward in this volume, I have had a great deal of help along the way. Persons who need to be singled out for their contribution to the appearance of this study are Vadim Altskan, Tarik Cyril Amar, Omer Bartov, Andriy Bolianovsky, Jeffrey Burds, Marco Carynnyk, Martin Dean, Sofia Dyak, Ernest Gyidel, Wendy Lower, Jared McBride, Oleksandr Melnyk, Ada Ogonowska, Dieter Pohl, Antony Polonsky, David Lee Preston, Per Anders Rudling, Roman Solchanyk, Wiesław Tokarczuk, and Larry Warwaruk. The following scholars worked at one point or another as research assistants for this book: Eduard Baidaus, Natalka Cmoc, Eva Himka, Rylan Kafara, Taras Kurylo, Mariya Melentyeva, Michal Mlynarz, Oksana Mykhed, Iaroslav Pankovskyi, and Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe. Those who read and helped me rework chapters were Raisa Ostapenko, Alan Rutkowski, the East Europeanist Circle at the University of Alberta led by Heather Coleman, and participants in the Danyliw Seminar in 2018. I wish I had the words I need to express the depth of my gratitude.

AŻIH Archiwum Żydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego

BA-MA Bundesarchiv/Militärarchiv, Freiburg

CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union

DALO Derzhavnyi arkhiv L’vivs’koi oblasti

DAIFO Derzhavnyi arkhiv Ivano-Frankivs’koi oblasti

DARO Derzhavnyi arkhiv Rivnens’koi oblasti

DAZhO Derzhavnyi arkhiv Zhytomyrs’koi oblasti

EM Ereignismeldungen UdSSR des Chefs der Sicherheits-polizei und SD (title varies)

f. folio

HDA SBU Haluzevyi derzhavnyi arkhiv Sluzhby bezpeky Ukrainy

KGB Komitet gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti

KPZU Komunistychna partiia Zakhidn’oi Ukrainy

NANU Natsional’na Akademia nauk Ukrainy

NKGB Narodnyi komissariat gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti

NKVD Narodnyi komissariat vnutrennikh del

NTSh Naukove tovarystvo im. Shevchenka

op. opys

OUN Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists

OUN-B Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Bandera faction)

OUN-M Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Melnyk faction)

P Polish

PUN Provid ukrains’kykh natsionalistiv

r.g. record group

Ro Romanian

RSHA Reichssicherheitshauptamt

SB OUN Sluzhba Bezpeky Orhanizatsii ukrains’kykh natsionalistiv

SBU Sluzhba Bezpeky Ukrainy

SD Sicherheitsdienst

spr. sprava

TsDAHO Tsentral’nyi derzhavnyi arkhiv hromads’kykh ob ”iednan’ Ukrainy

TsDAVO Tsentral’nyi derzhavnyi arkhiv vyshchykh orhaniv vlady ta upravlinnia Ukrainy

TsDIAL Tsentral’nyi derzhavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv Ukrainy, m. L’viv

TsGAOR Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Oktiabr’skoi revoliutsii, vysshikh organov gosudarstvennoi vlasti i organov gosudarstvennogo upravleniia SSSR

UCRDC Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre