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Edwin Black - IBM and the Holocaust

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Название:
IBM and the Holocaust
Автор:
Edwin Black
Издательство:
Dialog Press
Жанр:
История / на английском языке
Год:
2009
Город:
Washington, DC
ISBN:
978-0914153108
Рейтинг книги:
3 / 5. Голосов: 1
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IBM and the Holocaust: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Published to extraordinary praise, this provocative international bestseller details the story of IBM’s strategic alliance with Nazi Germany.
provides a chilling investigation into corporate complicity, and the atrocities witnessed raise startling questions that throw IBM’s wartime ethics into serious doubt. Edwin Black’s monumental research exposes how IBM and its subsidiaries helped create enabling technologies for the Nazis, step-by-step, from the identification and cataloging programs of the 1930s to the selections of the 1940s.

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56. “Netherland Jews Must Register,” NYT , January 14, 1941; Presser, pp. 35, 36, 37; Diplomatic Dispatch, p. 3, January 29, 1941, PRO FO 371/26534.

57. Letter, J.L. Lentz to Interior Ministry, March 25, 1941 NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

58. “Conditions in Holland,” p. 1, Item 2, December 16, 1941, PRO FO371/26683; B.A. Sijes, De Februari-staking; 25-26 Februari 1941, H.J.W. Becht, Amsterdam 1954, pp. 153-155, 160-167, 176

59. Letter, J.L. Lentz to Dr. Wimmer, March 25, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

60. Letter, Dr. Stuler to Dr. Wimmer June 16, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

61. Presser, p. 37.

62. Presser, p. 37.

63. Letter, Dr. Wimmer’s office to J.L. Lentz, May 26, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

64. Letter, Dr. Wimmer’s office to J.L. Lentz, May 26, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

65. Letter, Dr. Wimmer’s office to J.L. Lentz, May 26, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

66. Letter, J.L. Lentz to Dr. Calmeyer, May 27, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

67. Letter, J.L. Lentz to Dr. Calmeyer, May 27, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

68. Letter, J.L. Lentz to Dr. Calmeyer, May 27, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

69. Letter, J.L. Lentz to Dr. Calmeyer, May 27, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

70. Dr. Stuler, Report to Dr. Wimmer, p. 1, May 30, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

71. Dr. Stuler, Report to Dr. Wimmer, p. 2, May 30, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

72. Dr. Stuler, Report to Dr. Wimmer, p. 3, May 30, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

73. Report, Inspectorate to Dr. Calmeyer, June 14, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

74. “Conditions in Holland,” Attachment 18, Items 4 and 5, December 16, 1941, PRO FO 371/26683; Jacob Presser, p. 69-70; and H.B.J. Stegeman and J.P. Vorsteveld, Het Joodse Werkdorp in de Wieringermeer 1934-1941, Zutphen 1983, pp. 122-127.

75. Letter, J.L. Lentz to Dr. Stuler, June 16, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

76. Letter, J.L. Lentz to Dr. Calmeyer, July 26, 1941, NIOD, GK VuJ Hauptabt. Inneres, 25-122b.

77. Moore, p. 65; Presser, pp. 37-38.

78. J.L. Lentz, Memoires I, Registratie van Joden (oorsprong en ontwikkeling) , p. 10, unpublished journal, circa October 1944, NIOD, Dossier I-1045; also see J.L. Lentz, Ambtelijke Herinneringen, unpublished journal, circa October 1944, p. 25, NIOD, Doc. Dossier I-1045

79. Presser, p. 38.

80. “Report No. 38: Netherlands, Census of Property in Foreign Countries, Series C: Report of Interests in Primary Allied Organizations,” Form TFR 500, Department of Treasury/Foreign Funds, NA RG131.

81. “Report No. 38: Netherlands, Census of Property in Foreign Countries, Series C: Report of Interests in Primary Allied Organizations,” Section 6, Form TFR 500, Department of Treasury/ Foreign Funds, NA RG131.

82. “Report No. 38: Netherlands, Census of Property in Foreign Countries, Series C: Report of Interests in Primary Allied Organizations,” Section 6, Form TFR 500, Department of Treasury/ Foreign Funds, NA RG131.

83. “Report No. 38: Netherlands, Census of Property in Foreign Countries, Series C: Report of Interests in Primary Allied Organizations,” Section 6, Form TFR 500, Department of Treasury/Foreign Funds, NA RG131.

84. Statement of Income and Profit and Loss for the 8 Months Ended December 31, 1940, Attachment to “Report No. 38: Netherlands, Census of Property in Foreign Countries, Series C: Report of Interests in Primary Allied Organizations,” Form TFR 500, Department of Treasury/Foreign Funds, NA RG131.

85. Statement of Income and Profit and Loss for the 8 Months Ended December 31, 1940, Attachment to “Report No. 38: Netherlands, Census of Property in Foreign Countries, Series C: Report of Interests in Primary Allied Organizations,” Form TFR 500, Department of Treasury/Foreign Funds, NA RG131.

86. H.J. Carter, “Card Production and Sales Statistics,” 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; “Report No. 38: Netherlands, Census of Property in Foreign Countries, Series C: Report of Interests in Primary Allied Organizations,” Section 7, Form TFR 500, Department of Treasury/Foreign Funds, NA RG131.

87. “Netherland Jews to Wear Star,” NYT, September 16, 1941; also see Letter, R. Boyard to Prefect of Beaune-Montbard, June 9, 1942, and four pages of attached lists, AJ 38/1142; “Conditions in Holland,” Attachment Holland #18, Item 8, PRO FO 371/26683.

88. Presser, p. 35.

89. H.B. Fellinger, Enclosure 7, May 1, 1944, IBM Files; Moore, p. 64; also see Presser, p. 37; “Card Exports from USA,” 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; “CEC I.B.M. Subsidiary in France: Confidential Report 332,” fn p. 12, submitted by Harold J. Carter, April 10, 1944, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; Connally, pp. E-10, E-13.

90. Le “Fichier Juif:” Rapport de la Commission presidee par Rene Remond au Premier Ministre (France: Plon, 1996).

91. Jacques Adler, The Jews of Paris and the Final Solution: Communal Response and Internal Conflicts, 1940-1944 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 3.

92. Adler, pp. 5-6, 34; see “8,000 Parisians Sent Home,” NYT , May 27, 1941; Michael R. Marrus and Robert O. Paxton, Vichy France and the Jews (New York: Schocken Books, 1983), pp. 65, 80.

93. Adler, pp.3, 8-9, 35.

94. Madrid Chancery, “Treatment of Jews in Unoccupied France,” February 27, 1942, PRO FO 371/32056; Letter, Madrid Chancery to Refugee Department, Foreign Office, February 20, 1942, PRO FO 371/32056; Foreign Research and Press Service, “Position of Jews in France,” July 15, 1942, PRO FO 371/32056; Confidential Minute, “Jews in France: August 1941-June 1942,” July 6, 1942, PRO FO 371/32056.

95. Marrus and Paxton, pp. 75-76, 86-87.

96. Adler, p. 87; also see Marrus and Paxton, pp. 84-85, 87, “Jew Exempted by Vichy,” NYT, April 20, 1941, and “Vichy Keeps Jew in Office,” NYT, January 25, 1941.

97. “DeGaulle Assails Anti-Jewish Laws,” NYT , November 14, 1940.

98. M.E.W. [Ministry of Economic Warfare] Intelligence Weekly 44 (December 19, 1942): 1, PRO FO 837/15; “CEC Quarterly Report, Fourth Quarter 1942,” pp. 6, 6-2, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.

99. “CEC Quarterly Report, Fourth Quarter 1942,” pp. 6, 6-2, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.

100. Marrus and Paxton, pp. 100, 243.

101. “Censuses: A Critique of the Sources,” Analytical Franco-Jewish Gazetteer, 1939-45, p. 87; “Vichy Warns All Jews to Obey New Decree,” NYT, June 22, 1941; Typed Summary of Files, X. Vallat to Vice President Baur, March 2, 1943, YIVO Frame 416 #000002; Letter, Head of Department of Provisional Administrators to Prefect of Police, December 1, 1941, AJ 38/118; Letter, General Commission on Jewish Questions to X. Vallat, October 6, 1941, AJ 38/1142; also see Handwritten Letters, circa July 1941, June 16, 1941, July 9, 1941, July 10, 1941, AJ 74 JA; also see Letter, X. Vallat to C. Platon, June 24, 1941, AJ 38/1142; Letter, Secretary of State of Interior to Prefects in Unoccupied Zone, July 29, 1941, AJ 38/118; also see Note, General Commission on Jewish Questions, January 26, 1943, AJ 38/118; Henri Phillipe Petain, “Loi: portent prolongation du delai prevu par la loi du 2 juin 1941 prescrivent le reconsement des juifs,” AJ 38/ 1142; “Vichy Easing Jewish Law,” NYT, July 13, 1941; also see Note, X. Vallat to Vice President of Council, July 9, 1941, AJ 38/1142; Letter, X. Vallat to Minister of Interior, January 23, 1942, AJ 38/61 M70; also see Le “Fichier Juif,” p. 65; “Census of All Jews Is Planned in France” NYT , April 22, 1941; Letter, X. Vallat to Secretary of State for National Economy and Finance, June 21, 1941, AJ 38/61M49; Letter, X. Vallat to Ministry of Interior, circa June 1941, AJ 38/69 M20.