Christopher Andrew - The Sword and the Shield

16. Babris, Silent Churches, p. 472.

17. Document cited by Harriss, “The Gospel According to Marx,” p. 62.

18. KGB Church records temporarily accessible to journalists after the disintegration of the Soviet Union indicate that, at some stage after Nikodim’s death in 1978, Yuvenali was given his former KGB codename ADAMANT. (It was not unusual for KGB codenames to be recycled.) Michael Dobbs, “Business as Usual for Ex-KGB Agents,” Washington Post (February 11, 1992).

19. Pawley, Donald Coggan, pp. 244-8.

20. k-1, 24.

21. Polyakov, “Activities of the Moscow Patriarchate in 1991,” p. 152.

22. Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, pp. 226-9.

23. Daily American (September 8, 1978). On September 29, 1978, less than a month after Nikodim’s death in the Vatican, John Paul I also died suddenly, thus becoming the shortest-lived pope since Urban VII died of malaria twelve days after his election in 1590.

24. See above, chapter 28.

25. k-1, 30.

26. Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, pp. 215-16. On the authenticity of the report, see Oppenheim, “Are the Furov Reports Authentic?”

27. “His Holiness Patriarch Pimen’s Address Before Panikhida in the Patriarchal Cathedral of the Epiphany in Moscow,” Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate (1984), no. 3.

28. See, for example, Pimen’s telegram to Brezhnev of December 17, 1976 in Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate (1977), no. 2, pp. 3-4.

29. “Soviet Peace Fund Awards,” Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate (1976), no. 4.

30. “His Holiness Patriarch Pimen Awarded by the World Peace Council,” Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate (1976), no. 6.

31. “World Conference: Religious Leaders for Lasting Peace, Disarmament and Just Relations among Nations,” Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate (1977), no. 7, pp. 2-3 and no. 8, pp. 17-64.

32. k-1, 23; vol. 6, ch. 10. The Patriarchate was also involved in another KGB-sponsored production in 1982, the World Conference of Religious Workers for Saving the Sacred Gift of Life from Nuclear Catastrophe, which again attracted about 600 participants.

33. “Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet on Conferring the Order of the Red Banner of Labor upon Patriarch Pimen of Moscow and All Russia,” Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate (1977), no. 9, p. 3.

34. Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, p. 217.

35. The full text of the letter from Yakunin and Regelson was published in Religion in Communist Lands, vol. 41 (1976), no. 1.

36. Lefever, Nairobi to Vancouver, pp. 64-5; Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, pp. 355-68; Hudson, The World Council of Churches in International Affairs, pp. 286-7.

37. Norman, Christianity and the World Order, pp. 1-2, 90 n. 62.

38. Lefever, Nairobi to Vancouver, p. 65; Babris, Silent Churches, p. 475.

39. vol. 6, ch. 10.

40. Harriss, “The Gospel According to Marx,” p. 63.

41. vol. 6, ch. 10.

42. “Interview Given by Metropolitan Filaret of Kiev and Gallich to a Novosti Press Agency Correspondent,” Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate (1976), no. 5.

43. vol. 6, ch. 10.

44. Smith, Fraudulent Gospel, p. 68.

45. The text of the founding declaration of the Christian Committee was published in Religion in Communist Lands, vol. 6 (1978), no. 1. On the work of the committee, see Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, pp. 373-81.

46. k-21, 203.

47. Documents of the Christian Committee for the Defense of Believers’ Rights in the USSR, 12 vols. (Vol. 3 consists of English translations; the remainder contain reproductions of the original Russian texts.) See also Scarfe (ed.), The CCDBR Documents: Christian Committee for the Defense of Believers’ Rights in the USSR.

48. k-1, 65. On Varsonofy’s resignation from the Christian Committee, cf. Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, p. 379.

49. k-27, 488.

50. Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, p. 379.

51. k-1, 50. On Fonchenkov’s public career, cf. Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, pp. 380-1.

52. Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, p. 428.

53. Albats, The State within a State, p. 46.

54. Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, pp. 422ff.

55. Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, pp. 430-9.

56. It is impossible, however, to rule out the possibility, that Fonchenkov had become genuinely sympathetic towards Yakunin. Mitrokhin’s notes on his career as agent DRUG are limited to the 1970s.

57. Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church, pp. 439-41.

58. Lefever, Nairobi to Vancouver, pp. 3-5, 67-70, 73, 75, appendix A.

59. Andrew and Gordievsky (eds.), Instructions from the Centre, p. 20.

60. Kalugin, Spymaster, p. 197.

61. vol. 6, ch. 10, n. 1.

62. Mitrokhin’s notes on the file of agent VORONOV, for example, record that during his period in New York State in the late 1970s and early 1980s, he “was tasked to identify among his parishioners people who had a progressive and sympathetic view of the USSR—government workers, political party [members], union members, workers at scientific research institutes, diplomatic personnel, immigration officials, clergymen and church employees who were involved in the registration of births, marriages, and deaths [for assistance in the documentation of illegals] and agents of Zionist and anti-Soviet organizations” (vol. 6, app. 2, part 4).

63. Kalugin, Spymaster, p. 197.

64. vol. 6, app. 2, part 4

65. vol. 6, app. 2, part 4.

66. vol. 8, ch. 6, paras. 16-17.

67. vol. 8, app. 3, para. 20.

68. Albats, The State within a State, p. 46. Confirmation of DROZDOV’s identity was provided by the release early in 1999 of a 1958 report on his recruitment, allegedly on “patriotic” grounds, by the Estonian KGB. Though the report refers to the agent only by his codename, his year of birth and career details are identical with those of Aleksi. James Meek, “Russian Patriarch ‘was KGB spy,’” Guardian (February 12, 1999).

69. “Metropolitan Aleksiy’s Speech at the Founding Conference of the ‘Rodina’ Society,” Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate (1976), no. 2.

70. Albats, The State within a State, p. 46.

71. Bociurkiw, “Suppression de l’Église gréco-catholique ukrainienne;” Pelikan, Confessor between East and West, ch. 8; Floridi, “The Church of the Martyrs and the Ukrainian Millennium,” pp. 107-11; Tataryn, “The Re-emergence of the Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church in the USSR,” pp. 292-4.

72. k-1, 246.

73. The intelligence agencies of the USSR, Bulgaria, the GDR, Hungary, Poland and Romania were represented by heads and deputy heads of directorates (k-1, 106).

74. k-1, 106. Mitrokhin’s notes do not make clear which, if any, of the KGB representatives at the conference came from the FCD.

75. Though seeking confirmation of the report, the Centre took the alleged Vatican conspiracy seriously and drew up plans for a press exposé of it, if further details could be obtained (k-1, 2).

76. k-1, 71.

77. Babris, Silent Churches, pp. 149-50.

78. APOSTOL, RASS and SLUGA are not identified in Mitrokhin’s notes (k-1, 2).

79. k-1, 3, 110. It is unclear whether the PETROV who studied at the Russicum was the cleric with the same codename later sent to North America.

80. k-1, 81-2, 109. ANTANAS arrived in Rome in January 1968; Mitrokhin does not record the date of arrival of VIDMANTAS.