Richard Rashke - Useful Enemies

448 “We have always cooperated with”: Quoted by Goda in Breitman et al., U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis, 253.

448 “Expressed German appreciation”: FBI memo, “To Mr. Belmont from Mr. Hennrich. Subject: Mikola Lebed, AKA Internal Security—Ukrainian,” NA, RG 65, Lebed, FBI Name Files, Boxes 128–129, June 5, 1950.

449 “To produce and infiltrate into the Soviet Union”: In “Memorandum for: Deputy Director for Operations… From Chief, Political and Psychological Staff… Subject: OSI investigation with Potential Consequences of QRPLUMB Operation,” NA, RG 263, QRPLUMB, CIA Subject Files, Box 80, Oct. 21, 1985.

450 “QRPLUMB is one of the oldest”: QRPlumb. Approval of Operational Activity QRPLUMB, Tab. B.

450 “His office does not have a file”: “OSI Investigation with Potential for Compromise of QRPLUMB Operation,” NA, RG 263, Box 80, October 21, 1985. See also summary of a meeting between OSI head Neal Sher and CIA: “QRPOOL… Memo for the Record… Subject: Potential Impact of GAO Investigation on QRPOOL: Ibid., Aug. 15, 1985. Also see “GAO Report with Potential for Compromise of QRPLUMB Operation,” Ibid., Oct. 7, 1985.

450 “Indirectly involved in the planning” and “He was protecting live persons”: NA, RG 263, Box 59, vol. 5, March 29, 1990.

450 “Provide for a more natural”: QRPlumb.

451 “Typical KGB-sponsored disinformation”: Chirovsky, 55.

453 “At least one hundred of Gehlen’s”: Naftali in Breitman et al., U. S. Intelligence and the Nazis, 377.

453 The Brunner story is based on Simpson; “Brunner, Alois,” Yad Vashem Holocaust Resource Center; and “The Eichmann Henchmen,” http://www.holocaustrearchproject.org

454 “His best man”: Simpson, 249.

454 “The Jews deserved to die”: “The Eichmann Henchmen,” 1.

455 Streiber (eager beaver): Simpson, 47.

455 “One of the biggest swine”: Ibid., 49.

455 “Extraordinary results…. in special tasks”: Ibid., 49.

455 The Augsburg account is based on Simpson and on Breitman, Historical Analysis of 20 Name Files from CIA Records.

456 “A shining star…a godsend”: Breitman, ibid., 5.

456 The Deppner account is based on Goda in Breitman et al.; “Westerbork Transit Camp,” Holocaust Research Project, http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org.; and Gilbert, Atlas of the Holocaust.

457 “The Gehlen organization provided nothing worthwhile”: Quoted by Simpson, 65.

Court, Andy. “Holoclaust Survivor Hurls Acid at Sheftel.” JP, December 2, 1988.

——. “J’lem Man Guilty of Hurling Acid at Lawyer.” JP, March 14, 1989.

——. “No Clues in Apparent Suicide of Former Judge.” JP, November 30, 1988.

——. “Opening Up Old Wounds.” JP, February 3, 1989.

Hadzewycz, Roma. “Interview: Yoram Sheftel, Israeli Defender of John Demjanjuk.” Ukrainian Weekly, July 7, 1996.

Keinon, Herb. “Ex-Judge’s Suicide Baffles Colleagues.” JP, December 2, 1988.

Meyer, Ernie. “Assailant’s Threat.” JP, December 14, 1988.

“Nazi’s Lawyer Killed in Plunge in Jerusalem.” AP, November 30, 1988.

Reine, Marcus. “Sheftel: Rebel With an Unpopular Cause.” JP, August 6, 1993.

“Sheftel Assailant Freed.” JP, December 16, 1988.

Sheftel, Defending Ivan the Terrible.

“Survivor Charged.” JP, December 11, 1988.

460 He signed a left-wing petition: The left-wing group was Yesh Gvul.

460 “Levin is disgracing Israeli justice”: Sheftel, 268.

462 “I want to tell you as clearly as possible”: Ibid., 268.

462 “They say he committed suicide”: Ibid., 287.

463 “How can you allow your son”: Reine.

463 “His face looked like that of”: Keinon.

464 “I went into shock”: Sheftel, 292. See also Andy Court, “Holocaust Survivor Hurls Acid at Sheftel,” JP, December 2, 1988: “J’lem Man Guilty of Hurling Acid at Lawyer,” JP, March 14, 1989; “Opening Up Old Wounds,” JP, Feburary 3, 1989.

464 “All the Jews are happy for what I did”: Keinon and Court, “Opening up Old Wounds.”

464 “Send a man to the gallows”: Reine.

464 “To disturb, disrupt, spoil and explode”: Sheftel, 292.

464 “Physical bond uniting”: Reine.

Battisti, John. Memorandum Decision and Order. United States of America, Plaintiff v. John Demjanjuk, Defendant. No. C77–923, June 23, 1981.

Fletcher, Elaine Ruth. “Survivors Weep.” Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 30, 1993.

Friedman, Ina. “Obscuring the Lessons of the Holocaust.” Baltimore Jewish Times, August 6, 1993.

Gordon, Evelyn. “Petitions to Retry Demjanjuk Rejected.” JP, August 19, 1993.

Greenberg, Joel. “Israeli Court Bars Demjanjuk Leaving.” NYT, August 2, 1993.

Haberman, Clyde. “Acquittal in Jerusalem: A Painful Case is Closed.” NYT, July 30, 1993.

——. “Demjanjuk is Free to Return to U.S.” NYT, September 20, 1993.

——. “Israeli Judges Hear Demjanjuk Charge Conspiracy.” NYT, December 24, 1991.

Hoffman, David. “Demjanjuk Held in Israel As Prosecutors Consider New Charges.” NYT, August 2, 1993.

“Ivan the Terrible.” 60 Minutes, CBS, February 25, 1990.

Kuropas, Myron. “Faces and Places: American Jewish Committee Applauds OSI.” Ukrainian Weekly, August 29, 1993.

Labaton, Stephen. “U.S. Vows to Close Doors to Demjanjuk.” WP, July 30, 1993.

Lesie, Michele. “Demjanjuk Drama: Rage and Relief.” CPD, July 30, 1993.

McIntyre, Michael. “Family Rejoices.” CPD, July 30, 1993.

Parks, Michael. “Court Rejects New Demjanjuk Trial in Israel.” LAT, August 19, 1993.

Reine, Marcus. “Sheftel: Rebel With an Unpopular Cause.” JP, August 6, 1993.

Shapiro, Allan. “Harish, Sub Judice, and Demjanjuk.” JP, December 1, 1989.

Sheftel, Defending Ivan the Terrible.

“Summary Court Ruling.” NYT, July 30, 1993.

“What Now for Ivan the Acquitted.” NYT, July 31, 1993.

466 Visit with Dudek: Sheftel, chap. 14, “The Turning Point.”

467 “I made a big mistake when”: Sheftel, 342.

468 “There in the [Fedorenko] case file”: Ibid., 346.

468 Had confessed “without shame”: Ibid., 347.

470 The appeal arguments and quotes are from Sheftel, chap. 13, “The Appeal,” and from the 1990 JP and NYT coverage of the appeal.

472 Clipping service story comes from Sheftel, chap. 12, “A Precedent.”

473 The sub judice story is based on Sheftel and Shapiro. The author of the questioned articles was Noah Klieger, the newspaper was Yediot Ahrono; and the editor was Dov Yudkovsky.

474 The trip to Ukraine comes from Sheftel, chap. 14, “Turning Point.”

474 “In many of the statements attached to the file”: Sheftel, 352.

476 “He [Iwan Marchenko]”: Quoted in ibid., 359.

478 “The translation and typing”: Ibid., 367.

478 “I was trembling with emotion”: Ibid.

478 “Iwan Marchenko—I do not know his father’s”: Quoted in ibid., 373–74.

480 Quotes from the Israeli Supreme Court appeal decision come from excerpts published in “Summary Court Ruling.”