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Stephen Fritz - Frontsoldaten

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Название:
Frontsoldaten
Автор:
Stephen G. Fritz
Издательство:
The University Press of Kentucky
Жанр:
История / military_history / на английском языке
Год:
1997
Город:
Lexington
ISBN:
9780813127811
Рейтинг книги:
4 / 5. Голосов: 1
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Frontsoldaten: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Alois Dwenger, writing from the front in May of 1942, complained that people forgot “the actions of simple soldiers…. I believe that true heroism lies in bearing this dreadful everyday life.”
In exploring the reality of the Landser, the average German soldier in World War II, through letters, diaries, memoirs, and oral histories, Stephen G. Fritz provides the definitive account of the everyday war of the German front soldier. The personal documents of these soldiers, most from the Russian front, where the majority of German infantrymen saw service, paint a richly textured portrait of the Landser that illustrates the complexity and paradox of his daily life.
Although clinging to a self-image as a decent fellow, the German soldier nonetheless committed terrible crimes in the name of National Socialism. When the war was finally over, and his country lay in ruins, the Landser faced a bitter truth: all his exertions and sacrifices had been in the name of a deplorable regime that had committed unprecedented crimes. With chapters on training, images of combat, living conditions, combat stress, the personal sensations of war, the bonds of comradeship, and ideology and motivation, Fritz offers a sense of immediacy and intimacy, revealing war through the eyes of these self-styled “little men.”
A fascinating look at the day-to-day life of German soldiers, this is a book not about war but about men. It will be vitally important for anyone interested in World War II, German history, or the experiences of common soldiers throughout the world.

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42. Ansbacher, “Attitudes of German Prisoners of War,” pp. 15, 21–38; Niethammer, “Heimat und Front,” p. 175; Steinert, Hitler’s War, pp. 196–302; Berghahn, “Meinungsforschung im ‘Dritten Reich’”; Kershaw, The “Hitler Myth,” p. 209; Bartov, “The Missing Years,” pp. 52–65. On the Nazi revolution, see Schoenbaum, Hitler’s Social Revolution; Dahrendorf, Society and Democracy in Germany, Peukert, Inside Nazi Germany; Zitelmann, Hitler; Prinz, Vom neuen Mittelstand; Prinz and Zitelmann, Nationalsozialismus und Modernisierung; Harlander and Fehl, Hitlers sozialer Wohnungsbau; Smelser, Robert Ley; Smelser, “How ‘Modern’ Were the Nazis?”; Gispen, “National Socialism and the Technological Culture.”

43. Letters of Oskar Prinz von Preussen (Sept. 1939), Hermann Witzemann (21 June 1941), Siegbert Stehmann (16 Nov. 1941), Wolfgang Döring (16 June 1941), and Reinhard Becker-Glauch (23 June 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 13, 34, 415, 19, 399.

44. Letter of Private von Kaull, in Bartov, Hitler’s War, p. 166; letter of Private K.B. (15 April 1940), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 48 no. 42; letter of Hans Aug. Vowinckel (18 Dec. 1940) in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 41; letters of Karl Fuchs (27 May and 3 June 1941), in Richardson, Sieg Heil! pp. 106, 109; Pöppel, Heaven and Hell, p. 99.

45. Letter of anonymous soldier, in Dollwet, “Menschen im Krieg,” p. 294; diary entries (8 Oct. and Nov. 1939, Sept. 1943, Dec. 1942), in Prüller, Diary, pp. 46, 49, 164, 161.

46. Letter of anonymous soldier (8 Aug. 1940), in Dollwet, “Menschen im Krieg,” p. 296; letter of Eberhard Wendebourg (5 Oct. 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 107; Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, pp. 113–14.

47. Letters of Günter von Scheven (18 Aug. 1941 and 2. Advent 1941, 9 and 21 March 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 110–11, 113, 116.

48. Anonymous soldier quoted in Hastings, Overlord, p. 219; letters of Sebastian Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (Oct. 1944 and 27 Nov. 1944), Heinz Küchler (3 Sept. 1939), and Klaus-Degenhard Schmidt (11 Dec. 1944), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 391, 394, 157, 410.

49. Letters of Private W.P. (22 March 1942), Sonderführer H. (1 Jan. 1943), Lieutenant H.H. (28 Jan. 1943) and Lieutenant H.B. (29 Jan. 1943), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, pp. 110 no. 192, 100 no. 171, 104–5 no. 179,112 no. 199.

50. Letter of Karl Fuchs (9 Nov. 1940), in Richardson, Sieg Heil!, p. 80; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 342, 399, 217.

51. Letter of Harry Mielert (27 Nov. 1941), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 34; letter of Friedebald Kruse (31 Dec. 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 316; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 388, 400; Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, p. 252.

52. Letters of anonymous soldiers (29 Sept. 1943, 19 Aug. 1941,26 Sept. 1942), in Dollwet, “Menschen im Krieg,” pp. 303, 317, 319.

53. Letter of Corporal E.N. (15 April 1940), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 51 no. 48; letter of Wilhelm Rubino (12 July 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 60; Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, p. 230.

54. Letters of anonymous soldiers (2 Aug. and 23 July 1944), in Dollwet, “Menschen im Krieg,” pp. 310, 313; letters of Private K.K. (July 1944), Private B.P. (8 Aug. 1944), Lieutenant K.N. (late July 1944), Corporal C.B. (1 Aug. 1944), Corporal A.K. (late July 1944), and Lieutenant H.W.M. (28 July 1944), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, pp. 144 no. 285, 147 no. 294, 142 no. 280, 154 no. 313, 143 no. 281, 146 no. 289.

55. Letters of Reinhard Pagenkopf (25 Feb. 1945) and Reinhard Goes (23 Nov. 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 443, 457; letters of Lieutenant K. (3 Sept. 1944), Lieutenant H.H. (17 Sept. 1944), and Private F.S. (30 March 1945), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, pp. 158–59 no. 323, 139 no. 273, 167 no. 344.

56. Woltersdorf, Gods of War, pp. 141, 170; Ulrich Luebke quoted in Lucas, Experiences of War, p. 188; Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, pp. 60–61; Peukert, Inside Nazi Germany, pp. 241–42.

57. Eksteins, Rites of Spring, p. 303; Peukert, Inside Nazi Germany, p. 242.

Chapter 9. The Lost Years

1. Diary entries (early May 1942,24 April 1943), in Pabst, Der Ruf der äußersten Grenze, pp. 93–94, 201–202.

2. Heck, Child of Hitler, p. 197.

3. Ibid., p. 206.

4. Diary entry of Walter D. (30 May 1945), in Breloer, Mein Tagebuch., p. 339; Diary entry (28 April 1945), in Altner, Totentanz Berlin, p. 160.

5. Pöppel, Heaven and Hell, pp. 239–44.

6. Ibid., pp. 244–48.

7. Woltersdorf, Gods of War, pp. 136, 149, 186.

8. Ibid., pp. 170, 213.

9. Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, pp. 327, 330–31, 340.

10. Ibid., pp. 364–66, 360.

11. Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, pp. 297–98.

12. Ibid., pp. 331–333.

13. Heck, Child of Hitler, pp. 206–7; Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, p. 364; Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, p. 160.

14. Pöppel, Heaven and Hell, pp. 251, 256; Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, p. 307; Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, pp. 163, 172.

15. Interviews with Ernst-Peter Kilian, Hans-Hermann Riedel, Otto Richter, and Hugo Nagel, in Schröder, Die gestohlenen Jahre, pp. 884, 885–86, 886–87, 888–89.

16. Letter of Harald Henry (1/3 Dec. 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 86.

17. Interviews with Uwe Pries and Emil Dahlke, in Schröder, Die gestohlenen Jahre, pp. 897–98, 898–99.

18. Interviews with Arthur Pieper and Heinz Rieckmann, in Schröder, Die gestohlenen Jahre, pp. 900, 903; Gerd S. quoted in Focke and Reimer, Alltag unterm Hakenkreuz, p. 61.

19. Interview with Ewald Döring, in Schröder, Die gestohlenen Jahre, p. 900.

20. Interview with Walter Nowak, in Schröder, Die gestohlenen Jahre, p. 901.

21. Hörbach, Die verratenen Söhne, pp. 124, 128–129.

22. Ibid., pp. 245–46.

23. Hörbach, Die verratenen Söhne; Gerlach, Die verratene Armee; Kirst, 08/15; Ott, Haie und kleine Fische; Heinrich, Das geduldige Fleisch; Böll, Der Zug war pünktlich; Böll, Wo warst du, Adam? Andersch, Die Kirschen der Freiheit. For more on war literature in postwar Germany, see Baron and Müller, “Die ‘Perspektive des kleinen Mannes’ in der Kriegsliteratur der Nachkriegszeiten”; Nutz, “Krieg als Abenteuer”; Wagener, “Soldaten zwischen Gehorsam und Gewissen”; Schneider, “Geschichte durch die Hintertür”; Pfeifer, Der deutsche Kriegsroman.

24. See Nutz, “Krieg als Abenteuer,” p. 277.

25. W. Schröder, Nur ein Kriegstagebuch, pp. 189–90.

Chapter 10. A Bitter Truth

1. Interview with Karl Piotrowski, in Schröder, Die gestohlenen Jahre, p. 910 (see generally pp. 907–13).

2. Interviews with Karl Piotrowski and Karl Vogt, in Schröder, Die gestohlenen Jahre, pp. 909–10, 912.

3. Letter of G. Beug (27 May 1940), in Knoch, “Gewalt wird zur Routine,” p. 319; diary entry of Klaus Löscher (1940), letters of Eberhard Wendebourg (5 Oct. 1941) and Wolfgang Döring (7 Dec. 1940), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 321, 106, 19.

4. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 118.