Stephen Fritz - Ostkrieg

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Ostkrieg: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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On June 22, 1941, Germany launched the greatest land assault in history on the Soviet Union, an attack that Adolf Hitler deemed crucial to ensure German economic and political survival. As the key theater of the war for the Germans, the eastern front consumed enormous levels of resources and accounted for 75 percent of all German casualties. Despite the significance of this campaign to Germany and to the war as a whole, few English-language publications of the last thirty-five years have addressed these pivotal events.
In
, Stephen G. Fritz bridges the gap in scholarship by incorporating historical research from the last several decades into an accessible, comprehensive, and coherent narrative. His analysis of the Russo-German War from a German perspective covers all aspects of the eastern front, demonstrating the interrelation of military events, economic policy, resource exploitation, and racial policy that first motivated the invasion. This in-depth account challenges accepted notions about World War II and promotes greater understanding of a topic that has been neglected by historians.
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and offensive (spring 1942, Kharkov), 248–52

and offensive (summer 1943), 348, 356–57

and offensive (winter 1942–1943), 323–24

and offensive (autumn-winter 1943–1944), 369–70, 382, 391–92

and Operation Jupiter, 304

and Operation Little Saturn, 315–16

and Operation Mars, 304

and Operation Saturn, xvi, 304, 316

and Operation Uranus, xvii, 292, 303–4, 306

and Order No. 227 (“Not one step back”), 273, 281, 405

and Order No. 270 (1941), 141

and partisan war, 98, 332

pre-invasion strategy, 78–80

and purge of Red Army, 44, 367

and the Reichel affair, 264

and separate peace with Germany, 131, 157, 184, 300, 325

and Stalingrad, 287–91, 303

and Stavka, 264, 324, 423, 458, 460 ( see also Stavka)

as Supreme Commander, 75, 84, 89, 124, 140, 210, 212, 214–15, 244, 247–49, 264, 276, 323–25, 348, 356, 370, 406–8, 422–23, 431, 462

and Vistula-Oder operation, 441–42, 447–48, 551n13

and Warsaw Uprising (1944), 419–20, 551n13

and Western allies, xxii, xxiv, 110, 157, 406, 458, 462, 468–69, 471

Stalingrad

battle for, 289–301

encirclement of Sixth Army, 304–10, 316–18

German air attack on, 287, 535n79

German army moves toward, 271–72, 277, 283–89

German airlift for, 213, 311–12, 318 538n25

in German calculations, 164, 182, 213, 261, 267–69, 271, 275–76

and German relief attack, 313–16

and Hitler, 276, 281, 284, 290, 296–98, 300–301, 313, 405–6, 439

last days, 320–22

losses at, 116, 321–22, 337, 539n30

significance of, 197, 232, 259, 275–76, 284, 290, 298, 322, 325–26, 328, 336, 399, 469

Soviet counteroffensive, 303–10

Soviet defense of, 290–92, 293–94, 301, 535n78

Stalino, 279

Stavka (Soviet Supreme High Command), 122–24, 144, 154–55, 186, 207, 213–14, 248, 264, 288–89, 304, 324, 354, 385, 394, 396, 407, 422–23, 435–36, 441–42, 445, 448, 458, 460, 462, 466, 524n2

steel, 26, 169, 229, 289, 322, 330, 338, 366

Stemmermann, Wilhelm (General), 391

Stettin, 144, 446, 461, 465

Stockholm, 300

strategic bombing. See Germany: Allied bombing of

Strecker, Karl (General), 321

Strehla, 465

Stuckart, Wilhlem, 522n78

Stukas, xvii, 222, 243–44, 291, 294, 298–99

submarines, 38, 402, 418, 431

Sudeten crisis, 14

Sudetenland, 14

Sukhinichi, 208, 210–13

Sukhumi, 278–79

Sultanovka line, 242, 244

Sumy, 143

supply. See German army: logistic problems; Red Army: logistics

Sweden, 298, 385

iron ore, 385, 431

Szeged, 437

Taganrog, 163, 165

Taifun, xvii, 145. See also Typhoon, Operation

Tallinn, 146

Taman peninsula, 278

tank losses

German ( see German army)

Soviet ( see Red Army)

tank production

German ( see Germany: tank production)

Soviet ( see Soviet Union: tank production)

Tarnopol, 393–94, 411

Terek River, 272, 275–77, 282

Thomas, Georg (General), 9

and armaments production, 227

and Hunger Policy, 61

and invasion of Soviet Union, 58–61, 66, 83, 165, 233, 235, 239

and Speer, 233

Thuringia, 220

Tikhvin, 200

Tiger tanks. See German army: tanks

Tilsit, 94

Timoshenko, Semyon (Marshal), 80, 123–24, 144, 234, 244, 249–51, 508n17

Tim River, 208

Tinguta Station, 288

Tippelskirch, Kurt von (General), 414

Tobruk, 247

Todt, Fritz, 11, 178, 189–90, 227–28

Topf Company, 178

Torgau, 465

Toropets, 211, 213

“total war” initiative. See Germany: and total war

tractor factory (Stalingrad). See Krasny Oktyabr

Transnistria, 219

Trappenjagd (Operation Bustard Hunt). See Bustard Hunt, Operation

Treaty of Versailles. See World War I

Treblinka, 181, 226, 254, 257, 361. See also extermination camps

Tripartite Pact, 45, 48–50

troop strength, German. See German army: troop strength

troop strength, Soviet. See Red Army: troop strength

trucks. See German army: trucks; Red Army: trucks

Tsaritsa River, 290, 294

Tuapse, 277–78

Tula, 155, 156, 162, 184, 186–87, 190, 200, 203

Tundutovo Station, 288

Tunisia, 46

Turkey, 46, 241, 298

Turkish Wall, 242

Typhoon, Operation, 145, 150, 152–54, 175, 185–87, 200, 207, 211, 214

U-boats, German, 196, 233, 359, 385, 432–34

Ukraine

fighting in, 53, 56, 59, 84, 89, 115, 140–46, 148, 153, 323, 369–72, 377–81, 384, 387–99, 405–8, 434–35, 469

importance of, 37, 129, 132–33, 224–25, 255–56, 259, 402, 427 ( see also Lebensraum)

murder of Jews in, 95, 97, 102, 254–56, 259, 481, 511n44

resources of, 55, 59, 61, 73, 89, 113, 140, 148, 172, 224–25, 366, 427

and scorched earth policy, 371–74

Ulianovo, 354

Uman, 141, 388, 394

United States

aid for Britain, 40, 45, 47, 51, 484

and aerial bombardment of Germany, 330–31, 363, 402, 427, 436

and casualties inflicted on Wehrmacht, 470–71

“destroyers for bases” deal, 40, 45

economic power, xxii–xxiii, 2, 10, 12, 29, 39–41, 44, 165, 325, 330, 335, 337, 359, 426–27, 471, 475, 485, 487

and entry into the war, 179, 193–97, 484

in Hitler’s calculations, xxiii, 6–8, 12, 15–17, 34–40, 42–46, 51–52, 58, 64, 71, 73, 75, 83, 90–91, 109–10, 174, 179, 193–97, 217, 226, 234–35, 253, 268, 271, 299, 326, 342, 350, 366, 368, 396, 419–20, 433, 474–76, 479, 484–87

influence on Lebensraum, 91, 93, 254, 477, 479

intelligence assessment of German situation, 324, 359–60

and “Jewish conspiracy,” 15–17, 31–32, 107–8, 110, 180, 194, 474–75, 512n56

and Lend-Lease, 40, 47, 64, 194 ( see also Lend-Lease)

Lend-Lease assistance to the Soviet Union, 165, 184, 191, 230, 238, 286, 305, 386, 471, 535n78

linkup with Soviets at the Elbe, 465

in Stalin’s calculations, 157, 325, 458–59, 464, 468–69

Ural Mountains, 65, 93, 477

Uranus, Operation, xvii, 292, 304

USSR. See Soviet Union

Vasilevsky, A. M. (Marshal), 248–49, 251, 264, 292, 303, 316, 349, 422

Vatutin, N. F. (General), 347–48, 378, 387–88, 391

Verdun, Battle of, 192, 293, 298, 300, 322, 325, 345, 411, 420

Verkhne-Chirsky, 314

Versailles, Treaty of. See World War I

Vertyachiy, 286

Vichy France, 46, 48

Vienna, 14, 175, 277, 325, 474

Vilnius (Vilna), 86, 418

Vinnitsa, 279, 291–92, 367, 388

Vistula-Oder operation, 438, 441, 449

Vistula River, 406–8, 418–19, 429, 438, 441–42, 445–46, 448, 456

Vitebsk, 122, 381–82, 408–9, 412–14

Vlasov, A. A. (General), 211, 213

Volchansk, 249, 252–53

Volga Germans, 174

Volga River, 81, 93, 156, 162, 184, 186, 200, 213, 232, 238, 268–71, 275, 281, 284–87, 289–91, 293–94, 296, 299, 300–301, 303, 322

Volkhov River, 205, 211, 213

Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans), xvii, 18, 20, 21, 254–55, 257–59, 476, 481, 488

Volksgemeinschaft (national community), xvii, 13, 17, 92, 136, 224, 328, 363, 376, 424–25, 428, 439, 449, 453, 483, 486–87

Volkssturm (German national militia), xvii, 428–29, 433, 457, 459, 461, 467

Vologda, 182

Voronezh, 162, 185, 187, 232, 261, 264–67, 270, 283, 313, 323

Voroshilovgrad, 182

V-2 rockets, 335

Vyazma, 152–57, 160, 199, 211, 214, 232

Waffen-SS, xvii, 103, 384, 399

Wagner, Adolf (Gauleiter of Bavaria), 137

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