Stephen Fritz - Ostkrieg

and Stalingrad, 272, 277, 283–89, 292–99, 301, 304, 308–12, 315, 319–21

and surrender, 319–21

Pearl Harbor, 179, 193, 484

Peipus, Lake, 128, 384, 386

Persia, 238, 271–72

Persian Gulf, 48–49

Petain, Henri-Philippe, 47–48

Phony War (Sitzkrieg), 27, 71

Piatigorsk, 275

Pilsen, 469

Pitomnik, 289, 320

Ploesti, 434–36

pogroms, 15, 94–95. See also Kristallnacht

Pohl, Oswald, 260

Poland

Final Solution in, 95–96, 176–77, 180–81, 219, 223, 225–26, 237, 254, 257, 361

forced labor, 221, 223

General Government, 65, 73, 225–26

German anti-Jewish actions in, 20–24, 65–66, 69, 73, 92, 94–96, 176–77

German invasion, 9–10, 25–26, 439, 473

German racial policy in, 18–21, 23–24, 60, 92, 139, 254, 256, 476

Home Army, 419

Jews in, 259, 479

Soviet actions in, 26, 36, 447–48, 452

as staging area for Barbarossa, 36, 89, 150

See also Auschwitz; Bagration; Final Solution; forced labor; ghettos; Vistula-Oder operation; Warsaw

Poltava, 249, 265

Pomerania, 446, 448–49

Ponyri, 345

Posen, 171, 255, 335, 361, 442, 446

Praga (Warsaw), 418

Prague, 175, 468–69

Pripet, 410

Pripet Marshes, 52, 56, 89, 106, 123, 125–26, 129, 140–41, 378, 382, 388, 392, 405, 407

prisoners of war (German), 68, 98, 470, 510n40

prisoners of war (Soviet), 99, 104, 166–68, 170, 172, 174, 198, 215, 220, 222, 260, 317, 332, 478, 480–81, 519n54, 519n57

Prokhorovka, 347–50

Proletarskaya, 275

propaganda, German. See Bolshevism: in Nazi propaganda; Germany; Goebbels; Jews

propaganda, Soviet, 273–75, 322, 450

Protectorate (Bohemia and Moravia), 175

Prussia. See East Prussia; West Prussia

Prut River, 52, 395

Psel River, 347, 351

Pskov, 386

Pskov, Lake, 384

public opinion (German), 135

Pulawy, 444–45

purges (Red Army), 44, 78–79

Pushkin, 385

Putsch, Beer Hall, 14, 179, 299, 307

quartermaster-general, 66, 128, 156, 168, 170–71, 183, 189, 477

Race and Resettlement Main Office, 522n78

racial policy (German). See Bolshevism: “Jewish”; colonization; Commissar Order; Einsatzgruppen; Final Solution; forced labor; Generalplan Ost; German army; Germany; hunger policy

Radom, 443

Radomsyl, 380

Raeder, Erich (Admiral), 33, 42–43, 45–46, 50

RAF Bomber Command. See Britain: Bomber Command

railroads, 52, 57, 88, 119, 133, 150, 156, 192, 199, 237, 288, 366, 370, 373, 379, 412, 430, 442, 451, 471. See also Ostbahn; Reichsbahn

rape, 431, 449–52

rasputitsa , xvi, 158, 161, 212, 214, 217, 324–25, 339, 382

Rastenburg (East Prussia), 104, 228, 430

Ratzel, Friedrich, 6

Rauff, Walter, 177

Ravensbrück, 260. See also concentration camps

raw materials, xxii–xxiii, 11–13, 26, 28, 39–42, 46–47, 49, 55, 58, 60–61, 63, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 133, 165–66, 169, 223, 226–30, 234, 273, 338, 362, 427, 451, 474–75, 481, 484, 487

rearmament (German), xxiii, 10–13, 473, 475

Red Air Force, 90, 153, 161, 344, 352, 410, 413

Red Army

advance into East Prussia, 430–31

atrocities against Germans, 430–31, 440, 449–52

and Bagration, 405–20

and Barbarossa, 52–53, 56, 78, 80–81, 85–86, 88–89, 112–14, 120–21, 126, 130, 133, 140–41

and Berlin offensive, 459–69, 551n13,

and Blau, 234, 253, 264–69, 273–75

casualties, xxi–xxii, 88–89, 114, 125, 166–67, 214, 239, 247, 251, 269, 304–5, 320, 322, 337, 352, 354, 356–57, 369, 380, 382, 384, 386, 392, 398, 416–17, 420, 430, 433, 436, 447, 468–69, 471, 509n21, 516n16, 530n20, 539n30, 543n90

in Caucasus, 272–73, 276–78, 281–83

and Crimea, 241–47

deep battle, concept of, 79, 210, 249, 303–4, 341

German assessment of, 26, 36, 44, 52–53, 79, 81, 85, 112, 114, 120–22, 148, 237–38, 262–63, 275, 305, 337, 402, 406

and Kharkov, 248–52, 323–24, 353, 355–56

and Kiev pocket, 141–45

and Kursk, 341–53

logistics, 122, 186, 252, 421–22, 471

and Moscow: counterattack at, 199–204, 207–14

defense of, 152–63, 182–85, 186–92

prisoners of war ( see prisoners of war [Soviet])

replacements, 145, 210, 373, 377

and Stalingrad, 269, 283–99, 303–10, 315–16, 319–22

and summer offensive (1943), 353–57

tanks: fear of Soviet models, 114–15, 155, 188, 204, 207, 310

losses of, 88–90, 125, 214, 252, 305, 319–20, 149, 245, 252, 305, 349–52, 354, 356–57, 369, 371, 389, 392, 399, 414, 416–17, 420–21, 430, 433, 447, 468, 509n21, 543n94

numbers of, 78, 81, 114, 200, 230, 272, 283, 304, 319, 343, 348, 353, 355, 369, 381, 384, 386–87, 409, 419, 421, 435, 442, 461, 468, 535n78

superiority of, 114–15, 155, 159, 204, 207 ( see also tank production [Soviet])

troop strength, 78, 114, 117, 125, 151–52, 153, 183–84, 199–200, 207, 212, 307, 367, 369, 381, 384, 400, 409–10, 421, 435, 442, 460–61, 524n2, 547n75

use of blocking units, 143, 273

trucks, 370, 386, 421

and winter offensive (1943–1944), 365, 369–73, 377–95, 402

and winter offensive (1944–1945), 432–38

Vistula-Oder offensive (January 1945), 441–49

and Warsaw Uprising, 419–20, See also Armies; Corps; Divisions; Fronts

Red October Steel Works. See Krasny Oktyabr

refugees, 16, 287, 427, 430, 445, 449, 452, 456, 465, 467

regiments (German)

Panzer Regiment Bäke, 390, 392

Police Regiment South, 103

Reich Air Ministry, 426–27

Reich Chancellery, 8, 31, 72, 137, 329, 467

Reich Commissariat for the Strengthening of the German People (RKFDV), 93, 254, 256

Reichel, Joachim (Major), 263

Reichenau, Walter (Field Marshal), 27, 97–98, 102, 141, 164–65

Reich Labor Service (RAD), 376

Reich Ministry for Armaments and Munitions, 228–29

Reich Ministry for Food, 224, 477, 505n60

Reichsbahn, 120, 150, 170, 220. See also railroads

Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), xvi, 24, 65, 168, 177, 480, 485

Criminal Technical Institute, 177

Reichskommissariat Ostland, 180

Reichstag, 32–34, 64, 109, 178, 196, 218, 224, 439, 467, 476

Reinhardt, Hans (General), 88, 161, 413, 446–47

Rendulic, Lothar (General), 447

reparations, 12, 47

Replacement Army (German). See Armies (German): Replacement

Reserve Police Battalions, 70

resettlement, 20–21, 65, 83, 92–93, 106, 108, 139, 177, 181, 254, 257–59, 476

Rhine River, 455, 457–58

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 9, 24, 36, 45, 48–49, 195, 299, 363

Richthofen, Wolfram von (General), 242–44, 250, 287, 294–95, 299, 311–13, 315

Riga, 88, 176, 178, 220, 433

Ring, Operation, xvi, 319

roads, 54, 56–57, 89, 118–19, 142, 150, 154, 161, 203, 208–9, 219, 245, 255, 261, 282, 310, 382–83. See also Rollbahn

rockets (German), 335, 431

rockets (Soviet), 309. See also Katyusha rocket launchers

Rohland, Walter, 189–90

Röhm Purge (1934), 69

Rokossovsky, Konstantin (Marshal), 345, 444, 447, 449

Roland, Operation, 351

Rollbahn, xvi, 158, 382, 414

Rommel, Erwin (Field Marshal), 247, 281, 299, 307, 400, 402, 469

Romny, 143–44

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 15, 32, 39–40, 45, 64, 107, 110, 157, 174, 194, 196–97, 458, 474–75

Roques, Franz von (General), 98

Rosenberg, Alfred, 62, 105, 173, 174, 180, 219, 256

Roslavl, 210–12

Rostock, 461

Rostov, 164–65, 200, 267, 269–72, 283, 292, 303–4, 306, 315, 322