Stephen Fritz - Ostkrieg

Mikhailov, 203

Milch, Erhard (Field Marshal), 222, 229, 319

Millerovo, 261, 267, 269

Minsk, 86–88, 97, 100, 111, 122, 127, 130, 140, 158, 167, 176, 220, 381–82, 408, 414–18

Mississippi River, 93

Mittelbau-Dora, 426. See also concentration camps

Mius River, 163, 165, 322, 353, 370

Model, Walther (Field Marshal), 455

Army Group B, 458

Army Group Center, 415, 417–19

Army Group North, 386

Army Group North Ukraine, 408, 410

Army Group South, 397–98

Bagration, 408, 410, 415, 417–19, 432

Citadel, 339–40, 344–47, 353–55

and Hitler, 344, 354, 386, 397, 408, 417, 432

Ninth Army, 211, 339, 344, 355

Orel salient, 345–46, 353–54

retreat to Panther position, 386

and sabotage of Hitler’s “Nero Order,” 455–56

Mogilev, 123, 178, 219, 409, 412, 415

Molodechno, 417

Molotov, Vyacheslav, 48–50, 80, 268

Monowitz, 260

Montoire, 47

morale (German), xxiii, 89, 109, 121, 136, 152, 155, 159–60, 164, 166–67, 182, 188–90, 192–93, 202, 224, 230, 248, 262, 283, 293, 295–97, 319, 328, 330–31, 359, 363, 376–77, 428, 452

morale (Soviet), 273, 322

Moltke, Helmuth James von, 167

Morocco, 46, 178

Morozovsk, 267

Mortain, 420

Moscow. See Barbarossa; Red Army: Moscow; Stalin: counterattack at Moscow; Stalin: defense of Moscow; Typhoon

Moscow-Volga canal, 182, 184, 191, 201

Moskva (Moscow) River, 182

Mozdok, 282

Mozhaisk, 153, 161

Mozhaisk Line, 156

Mtsensk, 155, 160, 161

mud, 81, 89, 118–19, 143, 146, 149, 151, 152, 153, 157–59, 163–64, 185, 199, 213, 238, 380, 389–91, 393, 438

Müller, Heinrich, 178, 454

Munich, 2, 4, 14, 144, 218, 300, 340

Conference, 14

Hitler’s annual address, 179, 299, 307, 439

Murmansk, 238

Mussolini, Benito, 36, 46–49, 72, 232

Myshkova River, 315–16

Napoléon, 3, 54, 73, 77, 205, 216, 231, 327

Narew River, 429–30, 444

Nasyr line, 242, 244

National Socialist Leadership officers, 453

National Socialist People’s Welfare Organization (NSV), xvi, 137, 363

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 9, 19, 25, 32, 36, 45, 50

Nebe, Arthur, 97

Neisse River, 448–49, 461, 464

Neman River, 86

Nemmersdorf, 430–31

“Nero Order” (March 1945), 457–58

neutrality, 32, 241

Neva River, 146

Nevel, 383–84

“New Order,” 12, 22, 105, 257, 414, 476–77, 483

New York, 15

Nezhin, 371

Night of Broken Glass (November 1938). See Kristallnacht

Nikopol, 371, 379, 387–88, 390

Nisko, 21, 477,

NKVD, 157, 269

Normandy, 337, 367, 400, 402, 413, 421–22, 427, 469, 486

North Africa, 39, 44, 71, 197, 247, 281, 299–301, 307, 313, 325, 336, 341, 469, 484

North Sea, 79

Norway, 268, 337

“Not one step back” decree (Stalin Order No. 227), 273

Novgorod, 142, 146, 385

Novorossiysk, 278

Novosokolniki, 383

Nuremberg, 446

nutrition, 166–67, 171–73, 297. See also malnutrition

Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), xvi

assessments of German strength, 116, 182, 237, 384, 399

attitude toward communism, 66, 68, 97, 168–69

attitude toward Jews, 66, 68, 97, 168–69

and Barbarossa, 58, 66, 116, 125–26, 128, 132–33, 143, 162–63

and Battle of Moscow, 151, 162–63

and Citadel, 339, 342, 350

and defense of Berlin, 458–59, 464

and France, 27, 406

and Hitler, 132, 162–63, 264, 280, 342, 350

logistics, 150–51, 169

and Mediterranean strategy, 45, 487

and Nazi ideology, 68, 168, 376, 480

and occupation policy, 66, 68, 97

Operations Branch, 445

and raw materials, 58, 169

rivalry with OKH, 264, 342, 366–68, 399–400

and Soviet prisoner policy, 168–69

and Stalingrad, 276, 280

strategy, 162–63, 336–37, 379, 399–400, 406, 458–59

Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH), xvi

assessments of German strength, 114–16, 142, 151–52, 169, 209, 234, 236, 262, 353, 367, 522n85

and Bagration, 405–12, 415, 418, 429

and Barbarossa, 52–54, 84, 112–13, 121, 123, 125, 128, 148, 151, 156, 158, 163–65

and Battle for Moscow, 162, 183–84, 187–88, 192, 199

and Blau, 231, 233, 263, 267, 269–70, 275

and Citadel, 342–43, 351

cooperation with Einsatzgruppen, 101

and defense of Berlin, 460, 464

and Hitler, 27, 112–13, 121, 128, 148, 206, 209, 245, 262–64, 275, 280, 312, 368, 399, 445, 460

and hunger policy, 172–73

logistics, 158, 162, 169–70

Military Geography Branch, 59

and Nazi ideology, 480

and retreat to Dnieper, 353, 368–69

rivalry with OKW, 342, 366–68, 399–400

and Soviet counterattack (Moscow), 201–2, 209

and Soviet winter offensive (1944–1945), 434

and Stalingrad, 284, 306, 315–16

and Vistula-Oder offensive, 441–42, 445

and Zossen, 464

Obersalzberg, 10. See also Berghof

Oder River, 438, 441, 445–48, 457–60, 464–65

Odessa, 141, 144, 163, 219, 392, 398

oil

Caucasus, 53, 59, 83, 89, 91, 106, 126, 129, 132, 165, 182, 190, 231, 238, 262–63, 268, 271–77, 279–80, 282–83, 296, 300–301, 313, 322, 326

Hungarian, 436, 456

importance of, xxii–xxiii, 28, 41, 46–47, 49, 53, 55, 60–62, 91, 127, 133, 141, 165, 169, 226, 234–36, 239, 264, 270–71, 322, 326, 402, 406, 427, 475, 528n62, 534n71

Middle Eastern, 46, 233

Rumanian, 37, 39, 47, 49, 83–84, 132, 169, 241, 245, 379, 392, 406, 427, 434–36

shortages, 53, 82–84, 141–42, 169, 402, 475 ( see also German army)

synthetic, 401–2, 436

Oka River, 208

OKH. See Oberkommando des Heeres

Okuniew, 419

OKW. See Oberkommando der Wehrmacht

Olkovatka, 345

Operational Directives (German), 44, 68, 94, 111–12, 141–42, 148, 152, 156, 162–63, 165, 172, 206, 279–80, 310, 333, 367, 445

No. 2, 316

No. 5, 338

No. 6, 339

No. 16, 34

No. 18, 49

No. 21, 51, 66

No. 32, 90

No. 33, 125–28

No. 34, 128, 131

No. 35, 147

No. 41, 231–32, 262–63

No. 45, 271, 284

No. 51, 366–67, 396, 402

See also Führer Orders

Oranienburg, 260. See also concentration camps

Oratov, 389

Order Police, 70–71, 173

Ordzhonikidze, 282

Orel, 154–55, 203, 338, 340, 343, 345–46, 348, 350–51, 353–56, 372

Orsha, 100, 123, 182, 381–82, 409, 412, 414–15

Ossetian Military Road, 282

Ostarbeiter. See forced labor

Ostbahn, 340

Ostheer (Eastern Army), xvi, 56, 60, 94, 116, 121, 149–51, 159–61, 164, 182, 185, 187, 192–93, 197, 204, 209, 215–16, 218, 221, 226, 235–39, 262, 292, 317, 324, 328–29, 336–37, 343, 367, 383, 400, 402–3, 408–9, 417, 421, 423, 440, 443, 470, 481–82, 485–86, 522n85. See also German army

Ostwall, 364–66, 377

Pacific Ocean, 42, 194–95, 197

Palestine, 13

panje wagons, xvi, 119, 162, 213, 395

Panther position, xvi, 366, 368, 371, 381, 387

Panther tank. See German army: tanks

Panzer Armies. See Armies (German)

Panzerfaust, xvi, 432, 459, 463

Paris, 3, 14, 29, 82, 133, 183

partisans (Soviet), 81, 86, 98, 101–2, 104, 108, 111, 149, 160, 180, 198, 212, 297, 333, 340, 354, 378, 381, 385, 400, 409, 412, 415–16, 447, 482

Patton, George S. (General), 468

Paulus, Friedrich (Field Marshal)

and Barbarossa, 53, 128

and Blau, 250, 265

on breakout from Stalingrad, 311–12, 315

and Hitler, 280, 320–21