Stephen Fritz - Ostkrieg

Astrakhan, 55, 271, 275, 277

Atlantic, Battle of the, xxiv, 46, 194, 196, 233, 268, 339, 432, 434, 470, 486

Atlantic Charter, 109–10, 131

atomic bomb, 232, 485

Auftragstaktik (mission oriented tactics), 102, 229, 352

Auschwitz, 177–78, 181, 220, 223, 226, 254, 257–58, 260, 317, 362. See also concentration camps; extermination camps

Austria, 12, 14, 106, 436–37, 447, 478

Avranches, 419

Azov, Sea of, 323, 365, 370

Babi Yar, 102–3

Backe, Herbert, 60–62, 171, 224–26, 505n57, 505n60

Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem (SS-Obergruppenführer), 333

Bagration, Operation, xv, 405–10, 420–23, 442

Bakhmut River, 165

Baku, 106, 271–72, 279, 282

Balaton, Lake, 436–37

Balck, Hermann (General), 380

Balkans, 32, 36–38, 43, 46, 48–50, 71, 84, 204, 336–37, 341, 362, 406, 408

Baltic Sea, 55, 77, 113, 128, 146, 365, 382, 385, 406, 418, 432–33, 440, 461

Baltic solution, 406–8

Baltic states, 19–20, 32, 36–38, 41–42, 49–50, 53, 56, 88–89, 93, 106, 120, 148, 172, 219, 255–56, 385, 408, 418, 429–31, 433, 448, 476, 481

Bamberg, 300

Baranovichi, 417

Barbarossa, Operation, xv, xxiv, 72–76

aim of, 50–52, 66–67, 75–76

Barbarossa Jurisdiction Decree (13 May 1941), 68–69, 480

Commissar Order, xv, 68–69, 94, 480–81, 519n57

crisis of confidence, 125–34

decision for, 35–44, 48–52

Directive No. 21 (Barbarossa Directive), 51, 66

Directive No. 33, 125–28

Directive No. 34, 128–29

economic objectives of, 40–42, 60–61, 82–83

and Einsatzgruppen, 66, 70–71, 94–96, 101–4

escalating problems, 58–60, 81–82, 87–88, 112–18

failure of, 191–93

“Guidelines for Special Areas” (Einsatzgruppen), 66

Hitler’s intervention in military matters, 125–28

invasion launched, 77–78, 86–91

and Kiev pocket, 141–46

and Leningrad, 146–47

logistic problems, 56–57, 118–20, 149–51, 158–59, 185–86, 215–16

morale of troops, 89, 109, 111–12, 121, 130, 152, 155, 159, 162–64, 182, 188–90, 192–93, 201–2

operational plan, 82–85

and operations in the Balkans, 71–72

and operations in Ukraine, 140–46, 163–65

and Operation Typhoon, 152–57, 160–63, 182–93

and partisan war, 86–87, 98, 101–2, 104, 106, 108, 111, 149, 160, 174, 180, 193, 198

planning for, 52–60

popular German reaction, 121, 135–36, 184, 229–30

Soviet counterattack (Moscow), 199–205, 210–15

and German response, 205–12, 215–17

Soviet resistance, 85–88, 111–12, 114–15, 122–25, 156–58

Stalin’s reaction, 78–81

Supplement to Directive No. 33, 126–28

Supplement to Directive No. 34, 131

as war of extermination, 66–71, 75–76, 91–111, 166–73, 217–26

See also Typhoon

Barrikady gun factory, 290, 296, 298–99

Barvenkovo, 248, 250–51

Basargino Station, 288

battle group. See Kampfgruppe

Bautzen, 469

Bavaria, 137, 468

Beck, Ludwig (General), 36

Belaja Kalitva, 317

Belaya Tserkov, 102

Belgorod, 323–24, 351, 353, 355

Belorussia (White Russia), 37–38, 86, 89, 93, 95, 102, 106, 140, 172, 176, 178, 254, 256, 333, 381, 405, 407–10, 415, 435, 486

Below, Nicolaus von (Captain), 296

Belzec, 178, 181, 220, 226, 253, 361

Berchtesgaden, 309, 395, 415,

Berdichev, 387

Berezina River, 415

Berezino, 415–16

Berezovka, 219

Berghof, xv, 18, 33, 42, 307, 396–97, 400, 417–18. See also Obersalzberg

Berlin

Allied bombing raids on, 363, 466

Battle of, 438, 441–42, 447, 449, 458–69

deportation of Jews, 14, 24, 109, 175–76, 258–59, 531n31

food situation, 136

Hitler’s triumphal return (1940), 31

Red Army atrocities in, 450

signs of war weariness in, 325

Sportpalast, 63, 155, 181, 296, 298, 326

Bessarabia, 32, 49, 434

Bialystok, 86–88, 94–95, 97

Birkenau, 177, 220, 257. See also concentration camps

black market, 136, 171, 224, 427–28

Black Sea, 77, 141, 241, 245, 271–72, 277–78, 355, 379, 387, 396–98, 435

Black Sea Fleet (Soviet), 241, 245

Blau, Operation, xv, 230–39, 241, 246, 248, 252–53, 261–67, 269–70, 291, 338

blitzkrieg, xv, xxiii, 9, 26–29, 52–55, 57, 74, 82, 87, 110, 125, 129, 160, 171, 214, 231–32, 293, 324, 346, 422, 434, 473, 476, 484, 486

Blobel, Paul, 102–3

blocking units (Red Army), 143, 273

Blomberg, Werner von (General), 11

BMW, 260

Bobruisk, 381, 408–9, 414–15

Bock, Fedor von (Field Marshal)

dismissal of (July 1942), 267

dismissal of (December 1941), 205–6

doubts about Operation Barbarossa, 51, 59, 82

Operation Barbarossa, 86–87, 111, 113, 123–25, 127, 129, 131–33, 140, 142–44, 146

Operation Blau, 243, 248–51, 253, 261, 263, 265–67, 269

Operation Typhoon, 145, 151–56, 159–62, 170, 182–85, 187–88, 191–92

protests “Jew trains,” 176

Soviet counterattack (Moscow), 199–200, 202–7

Bohemia, 437, 465, 468

Bolshaya (bridgehead), 307–8

Bolshevism

German determination to eradicate, 42, 66–68, 73, 97–98, 101, 121, 170–73, 175

“Jewish,” xxi–xxii, 5, 7–11, 26, 35, 42, 66, 68, 70, 74, 78, 94, 101, 110, 135, 360, 375, 377, 473, 480, 487

in Hitler’s worldview, xxi, 5, 7–11, 17, 26, 35–36, 42, 44, 66–67, 72–73, 75, 78, 91, 94, 110, 235, 360, 366, 440, 473, 478, 480, 484

in Nazi ideology, 68, 254, 478, 480, 487

in Nazi propaganda, 99, 107, 135, 137, 236, 320–22, 327, 376–77, 453, 512n56

“booty” Ukrainians, 373, 377, 384, 394, 398–99, 435

Borisov, 416

Bormann, Martin, 105, 178, 328–29, 474

Bouhler, Philipp, 138–39, 180

Brack, Viktor, 138, 180

Bradley, Omar (General), 468

Brandenburg, 446

Brandt, Karl, 139

Brauchitsch, Walter von (Field Marshal), 19, 27, 38–39, 42–43, 50, 66, 69, 75, 101, 124, 127, 131–32, 148, 164, 190, 201

dismissal of, 205–6

Braun, Eva, 467

Breker, Arno, 3

Brenner Pass, 47

Breslau, 442, 445, 447–48

Brest-Litovsk, 39, 86, 408, 418

brigades, German

First SS, 70, 106, 203

Grodeck, 244

Britain, xxii

Battle of, 33–34, 38–39, 41–43, 46–49, 484–85

Bomber Command, 330, 466

bombing campaign, 50, 72, 83, 109, 136–37, 427

and “destroyers for bases” deal, 40, 45

Dunkirk evacuation, 484

and eugenics movement, 138

and German invasion of Poland, 8, 25

and German plans for invasion of USSR, 42, 58, 75

Germany and, xxiii, 2, 6–7, 24, 28–29, 41, 44, 51–52, 60, 71, 83, 469, 475, 477, 479

Hitler and, 3, 6, 8–10, 12–14, 16, 32–33, 36–38, 40, 43, 63–64, 71, 75, 91, 156, 194, 217, 268, 296, 400, 402, 433, 475

Hitler’s “peace offer,” 25, 33–35, 37, 45, 326, 363, 484

Joint Intelligence Subcommittee, 336

and Lend-Lease, 40

and Mers-el-Kebir, 33

Soviet Union and, xxii, 144, 165, 276, 341

U.S. and, 39–40, 45, 71, 110, 194, 484

warnings to Stalin, 80

British Empire, 2, 8, 29, 34

German plans for attack on, 43, 50, 233

Japan and, 34, 42–43, 45, 51, 71–72, 194, 217, 233

Bromberg (Bydgoszcz), 446

Brusilov, 380

Bryansk, 153–55, 156, 157, 160, 211, 219, 232, 346, 348, 369

Budenny, Semen (Marshal), 145

Bucharest, 435–36

Budapest, xv, 362, 437–38

Bug River, 86, 141, 394, 397, 418, 429

Bukovina, 32, 49

Bukrin (bridgehead), 378

Busch, Ernst (Field Marshal), 381, 408, 410–15, 437