Stephen Fritz - Ostkrieg

Eichmann, Adolf, 21, 65, 108, 171, 178, 255, 426, 512n56

Einsatzgruppen (SS), xv, 18–19, 66, 69–70, 76, 94–98, 100–102, 104, 108, 171, 177, 219–20, 332, 360, 480, 485

A, 94–95, 97, 110–11, 219

B, 95, 97, 219

C, 95, 98, 102

D, 219

Poland, 500n31

Soviet Union, 95, 104, 171, 219, 485

Einsatzkommando (SS), xv, 95, 110, 176, 219

Eisenhower, Dwight D. (General), 458

El Alamein, 281, 299, 307, 469

Elbe River, 461–62, 465–66

Elbrus, Mount, 279

Elista, 275, 277

Engel, Gerhard (Major), 48, 50, 189, 278, 284

English Channel, 127

Eremenko, A. I. (Marshal), 154, 287

Estonia, 32, 88, 146, 417, 433

ethnic Germans. See Volksdeutsche

eugenics, 138, 515n5

Eurasian continental bloc, 44–45

euthanasia, 137–40, 177–80, 483

ewige Jude, Der (The eternal Jew; film), 22, 64, 506n63

extermination camps, 177–78, 180, 219, 237, 260, 361–62, 451

Auschwitz, 177–78, 181, 220, 223, 226, 254, 257–58, 260, 317, 362

Belzec, 177–78, 181, 220, 226, 253, 361

Chelmno, 177–79, 220, 226, 253

Maidanek (Majdanek), 258, 450

Sobibor, 177, 181, 253, 361

Treblinka, 181, 226, 254, 257, 361

See also Auschwitz; Belzec; Chelmno; Maidanek; Sobibor; Treblinka

“factory operation” (February 1943), 531n31

Falaise, 420

Far East, 43, 183, 186, 193, 200, 384

Fastov, 379–80

Final Solution

centrality to war, xx–xxi, xxiv, 20, 23, 485

death marches, 454–55

decision for, 104–11, 173–82, 521n75

destruction through labor, 94–95, 180, 223, 260–61, 334, 481

Einsatzgruppen and ( see Einsatzgruppen)

euthanasia and, 139–40

evolution of, 13–25, 63–71, 94–104

gas chambers, 139, 178, 181, 220, 226, 258, 362, 451

gas vans, 111, 219–20

Generalplan Ost and ( see Generalplan Ost)

Heydrich and, 13, 18–19, 24, 65–67, 70, 94–96, 104, 108, 110, 174–81, 219, 225, 522n78

Himmler and, 19, 23–24, 65–66, 95, 101, 104–6, 111, 175–76, 178–80, 197, 217–19, 225, 254–55, 257, 335–36, 361, 364, 485, 512n54

in Hungary, 361–62

hunger Policy and ( see Germany: hunger policy)

implementation of, 150, 173–82, 217–20, 225–26, 253–54, 257, 361–63, 485, 522n78

numbers killed, 226, 257, 361

public knowledge of, 334–35, 452–53

Speer and, 219, 260, 334–36

territorial solution, 16, 24, 65, 67, 479, 485

See also Auschwitz; extermination camps; racial policies; forced labor; SS; Wannsee Conference

Finland, 44, 49–50, 79, 399, 433

nickel, 431

Winter War, 36

First World War. See World War I

Five Year Plans (Soviet), 81

flak, 246, 298, 310, 328, 459, 466

Flanders, 3, 206

Fliegerkorps, 242, 529n4

forced labor, 93, 166, 180, 258–60, 327, 334, 372, 481, 486

in aircraft industry, 334–36, 426

deaths, 222, 336

destruction through labor, 94–95, 180, 223, 260–61, 334, 481

food, 224, 226

Jews, 95, 101, 171, 173, 180, 222–23, 226, 257–58, 362–64, 426, 481

labor camps, 93, 259–61, 334–35, 364, 451

numbers of, 222–23, 332, 425

Ostarbeiter (eastern workers), 174, 221–24, 259–60, 332, 486

round-ups, 221–22, 259–60, 317, 327–28, 332, 334, 364, 371–74, 481

and Sauckel, 220–23

Soviet prisoners of war, 166, 174

treatment of, 222, 332, 334–35, 364, 425, 428

Foreign Armies East, 238, 249, 253, 276, 337, 341, 384, 406, 408, 410, 442, 530n15, 547n75

foreign policy (German), 7, 10–13, 483

Forster, Albert, 19

“fortified places,” 382, 393, 411, 418

Four-Year Plan (German), 11, 166, 477, 505n60

France, xxiii, 184

armistice with Germany (1940), 1, 29, 36–37

blitzkrieg in, xxiii, 2, 23–24, 26–28, 44, 46, 53–54, 56–57, 78, 81–82, 87, 90, 111, 115–16, 127, 129, 135, 148, 151, 160, 186, 263, 406, 473, 476, 486

deportation of Jews from, 174, 178

economic importance of, 28, 221, 226, 426–27, 455

Hitler’s peace offer, 25

Hitler’s view of, 14, 33, 47–48, 133, 194, 337, 366, 399, 402, 420, 433

Madagascar Plan, 24

and Mussolini, 46

Franco, Francisco, 3, 46–48, 51

Frank, Hans, 19, 21, 65, 73, 180, 258–59

Frankfurt (Oder), 454, 460

Frederick II, “the Great” (king of Prussia), 206

Fredericus, Operation, xv, 248, 250–51, 253

Freikorps, xv, 460

Fricke, Kurt (Rear Admiral), 42

Friessner, Johannes (General), 432, 437

Fromm, Friedrich (General), 58, 189, 204, 233

Fronts (Soviet)

Belorussian: First, 442, 444, 448, 461, 463–65, 467

Second, 442, 444, 446, 448, 461, 465

Third, 442, 444, 446

Bryansk, 211, 346, 348

Central, 345

Don, 306, 319

Kalinin, 211, 214

Leningrad, 142

Southern, 269

Southwest, 141

Stalingrad, 269, 287, 307

Steppe, 348

Ukrainian: First, 378, 387, 393–95, 442–43, 464–65, 467–68

Second, 394–96, 435, 468–69

Third, 435, 461

Fourth, 468

Volkhov, 213

Voronezh, 347

West, 211, 214, 346

Frühlingserwachen, xv, 438. See also Spring Awakening, Operation

Führer’s bunker, 465–67

Führer Headquarters, 23, 104, 109, 132, 135, 193, 206, 230, 238, 262, 275, 279, 298, 368, 371, 379, 395, 411, 430

Führer Orders, 125, 156, 281, 310, 365–66, 393, 396, 402

Funk, Walter, 41

Galen, Clemens August Graf von (Bishop of Münster), 137–39

Galicia, 89, 96, 106, 180, 220, 255, 481

Garsden, 94

Gauleiter, xv, 137, 174, 196, 220, 225, 296, 327, 335, 360–61, 425, 456–57

Gavrilovka, 288

Gehlen, Reinhard (Colonel), 337, 341–42, 379, 384, 442

General Government (Poland), 21, 65, 73, 180, 218–19, 225–26, 256–57, 259, 476

Generalplan Ost (General Plan East), xv, 93, 236, 253–54, 256–57, 259–60, 317, 334, 477, 481, 485

General Staff (German), 33, 53, 59, 84, 113, 270, 280, 417

General Staff (Soviet), 339

Geneva Convention, 167

Georgian Military Road, 282

German army

ammunition shortages, 57–58, 120, 149–50, 169, 188, 190, 207–8, 216, 229, 236, 251, 262, 276–77, 283–85, 297, 299, 318–19, 329–30, 363, 440, 464

anti-Bolshevism in, 36–37, 42, 67–70, 97–98, 101–2, 320, 374–75, 440, 453, 483, 510n40

anti-Semitism in, 66–67, 69–70, 96–104, 374–75, 480–82, 511n44

atrocities in occupied territories, 96–104, 170–72, 333–34, 372–74, 510n36, 510n40, 511n44

breakdown in discipline, 69, 202–4, 373–74, 377, 434, 452–54

casualties, 90, 116, 151–52, 162, 185, 192–93, 214–15, 236, 247, 321, 333, 352, 355–57, 367, 369, 380, 384, 387, 392, 395, 399, 416, 420–21, 426, 433, 436, 468–70, 539n30

combat effectiveness, 56, 115–18, 121, 123, 125, 146, 150–52, 162, 182, 187–88, 192–93, 236, 271–72, 293, 295, 297, 301, 369–70, 375–76, 378, 380, 429, 432, 454, 459

and Commissar Order, xv, 68–69, 94, 480–81, 519n57

courts-martial, 377, 398, 447, 454, 467

defeatism, 27–28, 230, 331, 334, 368, 417

demotorization of, 26, 57, 383, 394, 409

French campaign, xxiii, 2, 23–24, 26–28, 44, 46, 53–54, 56–57, 78, 81–82, 87, 90, 111, 115–16, 127, 129, 135, 148, 151, 160, 186, 263, 406, 473, 476, 486

fuel shortages, 32, 38, 41, 56–58, 83–84, 119–20, 141–42, 145–46, 149–50, 154, 158, 162, 163–64, 169–70, 185–89, 190, 201–2, 205, 207, 209, 216, 233, 237, 251, 253, 262, 266–69, 271–72, 275–76, 278, 281–85, 288, 297, 308–13, 315, 318–20, 390–91, 395, 398, 401–2, 410, 427, 434, 436, 438, 440, 456, 459, 461