Пер Рудлинг - ОУН и УПА - исследования о создании исторических мифов. Сборник статей

Kul’chyts’kyi, OUN v 1941 rotsi (2006), 12 and 61, citing “Borot’ba i diial’nist’ OUN pid chas viiny: Politychni vkazivky (traven’ 1941 r.),” in OUN v svitlui povstanov Velykykh Zboriv, Konferentsii ta inshykh dokumentiv z borot’bi 1929–1955 r. [Zakordonni chastyny Orhanizatsii Ukrains’kykh Natsionalistiv] (1955), 48–57.

Tomasz Szarota, U progu Zaglady: Zajscia anty(ydowskie i pogromy w okupowanej Europie: Warszawa, Pary(, Antwerpia, Kowno (Warsaw: Wydawnictwo “Sic!” 2000), 210–214, and Peter Longereich with Dieter Pohl, ed., Die Ermordung der europäischen Juden: Eine umfassende Dokumentation des Holocaust 1941–1945 (Munich: Piper, 1989), 118–119. An analogous development also took part among profascist émigré groups in Germany. On March 19, 1941, they urged the Jews to leave Lithuania, so that “there would not be any unneccessary victims.” In Berlin on May 10, 1941, the so-called Lithuanian Activist Front (LAF) presented its völkisch ideological program, which accused the Jews collectively of having destroyed Lithuania and emphasized that “communism is directly rooted in Judaism.” Klaus-Peter Friedrich, “Spontane Volkspogrome oder Auswüchse der NSVernichtungspolitik?: Zur Kontroverse um die Radikalisierung der antijüdischen Gewalt im Sommer 1941,” Jewish History Quarterly (Kwartalnik Historii)ydów), no. 4 (2004): 591.

TsDAVO Ukrainy, f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 12, l. 10, Telegram Iaroslav Stest’ko no. 13, 25.6.1941.

“Instruktsii Revolutsiinoho Provodu OUN(B) dlia orhanizatsiinoho aktyvu v Ukraini na period viiny. “Borot’ba i diial’nist’ OUN pid chas viiny” V. Viis’kovi instruktsii,” TsDAVO Ukrainy, f. 3833, op. 2, spr. 1, ark. 25–33.

Ivan Patryliak, “Viiskovi plany OUN(B) u taemnii instruktsii Revoliutsiinoho provodu (traven’ 1941 r.) “Borot’ba i diial’nist’ OUN pid chas viiny,” Ukrains’kyi Istorychnyi Zhurnal’, no. 2 (2000): 136.

“Instruktsii Revoloiutsiinoho Provodu OUN(B) dlia orhanizatsiinoho aktyvu v Ukraini na period viiny. “Borot’ba i diialnist’ OUN pid chas viiny” H. Vkazivky na pershi dni orhanizatsii derzhavnoho zhyttia,” TsDAVO Ukrainy, f. 3833, op. 2, spr. 1, ark. 33–57.

Berndt Boll, “Z" oczów, July 1941: The Wehrmacht and the Beginning of the Holocaust in Galicia: From a Criticism of Photographs to a Revision of the Past,” in Omer Bartov, Atina Grossmann, and Mary Nolan, eds., Crimes of War: Guilt and Denial in the Twentieth Century (New York: The New Press, 2002), 73.

Hannes Heer, “Einübung in den Holocaust: Lemberg Juni/juli 1941” Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft Vol. 49, 5 (2001): 409–417; Israel Gutman, “Nachtigall Battalion,” Encyclopedia of the Holocaust (New York: Macmillan, 1990).

“Ukrains’kyi narode!” OUN(b) fl yer, July 1, 1941, TsDAVO Ukrainy, f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 42, l. 35. See also Dieter Pohl, Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung in Ostgalizien 1941–1944: Organization und Durchführung eines staatlichen Massenverbrechens, 2d ed. (Munich: Verlag Oldenburg, 1997), 57.

Kul’chyts’kyi, OUN v 1941 rotsi (2006), 11; Himka, “Central European Diaspora,”19.

Berkhoff and Carynnyk, “The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists,” 150.

Volodymyr Serhiichuk, ed., OUN-UPA v roky viiny: novi dokumenty i materialy (Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo khudozhnoi literatury “Dnipro,” 1996), 239.

Rossoli#ski-Liebe, “The ‘Ukrainian National Revolution’ of 1941,” 99, citing TsDAVO Ukrainy, f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 22, ll. 1–27.

Gabriel N. Finder and Alexaner V. Prusin, “Collaboration in Eastern Galicia: The Ukrainian Police and the Holocaust,” East European Jewish Affairs, 34, no. 2 (2004): 102; Berkhoff and Carynnyk, “The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists,” 171.

Rossolinski-Liebe, “The ‘Ukrainian National Revolution’ of 1941,” 100. Similar attitudes were found within the OUN(m). Its organ Selians’ka dolia described the Jews as enemies, who “had to leave the land or die on it. The Muscovite, the Pole, and the Jew were, are, and will always be your enemies.” Amir Weiner, Making Sense of War: The Second World War and the Fate of the Bolshevik Revolution (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001), 242–243, citing TsDAHO Ukrainy, f. 57, op. 4, d. 369, l. 63.

Heer, “Blutige Ouvertüre”; Kai Struve, “Layers of Violence: Mass Executions and Pogroms against Jews in Eastern Galicia in Summer 1941,” paper presented at the Fifth Annual Danyliw Research Seminar on Contemporary Ukrainian Studies, University of Ottawa, October 30, 2009.

John-Paul Himka, “The Lviv Pogrom of 1941,” paper presented at the Association for the Study of Nationalities, the Harriman Institute, Columbia University, 16 April 2011.

Bruder, “Den ukrainischen Staat,” 146, citing Pohl, Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung, 60 ff.; Text des Amtes Ausland/Abwehr vom Juli, 1941, IfZ, Fd 47, Bl. 47, Bl. 41; Ic/AO vom 2.7.1941, BArch-MA, RH 20–17/277, Bl. 91, 126 and 137.

On the pogroms, see Marco Carynnyk, Furious Angels: Ukrainians, Jews, and Poles in the Summer of 1941 (forthcoming); on the pogroms in Dubne, see idem, “The Palace on the Ikva: Dubne, September 18th, 1939 and June 24th, 1941,” in Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve, eds., Shared History — Divided Memory: Jews and Others in Soviet-Occupied Poland, 1939–1941 (Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2007; Band V of Leipziger Beiträge zur Jüdischen Geschichte und Kultur), 263–301; on Zolochiv, see idem, “Zolochiv movchyt,” Krytyka, no. 10 (2005): 14–17, on Lviv, see Himka, “Lviv Pogrom”; on Ivano-Frankivs’k, see Abraham Liebesman, During the Russian Administration: With the Jews of Stanis!awow During the Holocaust (Atlanta: n.p. 1990), 2–6; Joachim Nachbar, Endure, Defy, and Remember: Memoirs of a Holocaust Survivior (Southfi eld, Mich.: J. Nachbar, c2003), 7–9; on Drohobych, see Bernard Mayer, Entombed: My True Story: How Forty- Five Jews Lived Underground and Survived the Holocaust (Ojus, Fla.: Aleric Press, c1994), 7–16; on Borylaw, Sabina Wolanski with Diana Bagnall, Destined to Live: One Woman’s War, Life, Loves Remembered (London: Fourth Estate, 2008), 31–35; on Kuty, see Abraham Klein, My Life in Kuty: A shtetl destroyed (Montreal: A. Klein, 2003), 126–128. Thanks to John-Paul Himka for these references.

Dieter Pohl, “Anti-Jewish Pogroms in Western Ukraine: A Research Agenda,” in Barkan, Cole, and Struve, eds. Shared History— Divided Memory, 305–315.

Viktor Khar’kiv “Khmara,” a member of both Nachtigall and then Schutzmannschaft battalion 201, wrote in his diary that he participated in the shooting of Jews in two villages in the vicinity of Vinnytsia. TsDAVO Ukrainy, f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 57, ark. 17–18.

Bruder, “Den ukrainischen Staat,” 147.

Alexander Dallin, German Rule in Russia, 1941–1945: A Study of Occupation Policies, 2d ed. (Boulder, Colo.: 1981), passim.

The leader of the original UPA, Taras Bul’ba-Borovets, wrote that “the supporter of pathological Führerprinzip (vozhdyzm), the banderite Kuzii, killed the two senior offi cers of the Ukrainian army, Colonel Mykola Stsibors’kyi and Captain Senyk-Hrybivs’kyi, who were leaders of the Provid of the OUN[(m)] and were travelling to Kyiv, by shooting them in the back on an open street.” Taras Bul’ba-Borovets’, Armiia bez derzhavy: Slava i trahediia ukrains’koho povstans’koho rukhu. Spohady. (Kyiv: Knyha Rodu, 2008), 154. The OUN(m) immediately accused the OUN(b) of the murders, which carried all the hallmarks of Banderite assasinations. TsDAVO Ukrainy, f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 42, l. 33, “Podae do vidoma!” claims the two OUN(m) leaders “fell by the hand of fratricidal murder”; TsDAVO Ukrainy, f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 42, l. 42, “Dvi klespsydry,” accused the OUN(b) of the murder, claiming that Stsibors’kyi and Senyk were killed by “fratricidal bullets.” German documents show that there was no German involvement in these murders.