Vadim Birstein - The Perversion of Knowledge

419. Schnol, Geroi i zlodei , p. 280.

420. See Efroimson’s detailed scientific biography in Vorontsov, N. N., M. D. Golubovsky, and E. A. Izyumova, “Vladimir Pavlovich Efroimson—vydayushchiisya otechestvennyi genetik (k 80-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya)” [Vladimir Pavlovich Efroimson as an outstanding Soviet geneticist (to his 80th birthday)], Bulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdelenie Biologicheskoe 94 (3) (1989): 96–109 (in Russian).

421. Solovieva, Yu. I., “Belye odezdy akademika Astaurova” [The white clothes of Academician Astaurov], Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk 69 (2) (1999): 151–158 (in Russian).

422. Efroimson, Genetika etiki i estetiki ; Efroimson, Vladimir P., Genial’nost’ i genetika [Genius and Genetics] (Moscow: Russkii Mir, 1998) (in Russian).

423. Efroimson, V. P., “Rodoslovnaya al’truizma (Etika s pozitsii evolutsionni genetiki cheloveka)” [The genealogy of altruism: Ethics from the evolutionary human genetics point of view], Novyi Mir 10 (1971): 204 (in Russian). This article (briefly described in Graham, Science, Philosophy, and Human Behavior , pp. 226–230) presented the main outlines of Efroimson’s books Genetics of Ethics and Esthetics and Genius and Genetics .

424. Dolgun and Watson, An American in the Gulag , p. 166.

425. See Chapter 1, “Memories.”

426. Zonn, “Akademik Vladimir Nikolaevich Sukachev.”

427. Kolchinsky, V poiskakh , p. 81.

428. Ibid., pp. 177–178.

429. Turbin, N. V., “Darwinizm i novaya teoriya proiskhozhdeniya vidov” [Darwinism and the new theory of species], Botanicheskii Zhurnal 37 (6) (1952): 798–818 (in Russian).

430. Oparin, A. I., “I. V. Stalin—vdokhnovitel’ peredovoi biologicheskoi nauki” [I. V. Stalin, the inspirer of the leading biological science], Zhurnal Obshchei Biologii 14 (2) (1953): 90–95 (in Russian).

431. Lysenko, T. D., “Novoe v nauke o biologicheskom vide” [New data in the science of the biological species], Botanicheskii Zhurnal 38 (1) (1953): 44–54 (in Russian).

432. Sukachev, V. N., “O vnutrividovykh i mezhvidovykh vzaimootnosheniya khsredi rastenii” [On the intraspecies and interspecies relationships in plants], Botanicheskii Zhurnal 38 (1) (1953): 55–96 (in Russian).

433. For more details, see Soyfer, Lysenko , pp. 229–231.

434. Gur’yanov, B. P., “K istorii vozniknoveniya Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytatelei prirody” [On the establishment of the Moscow Society of Naturalists], Bulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdelenie Biologicheskoe 58 (2) (1953): 93–96 (in Russian).

435. Savina, “Napisano v podvalakh OGPU.”

436. Rokityansky, Ya. G., “Geolog bozhiei milost’yu” [The geologist from God], Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk 64 (12) (1994): 1081–1094 (in Russian). For more details, see Weiner, Douglas R., A Little Corner of Freedom: Russian Nature Protection from Stalin to Gorbachëv (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), pp. 214–216.

437. Kostyrchenko, Out of the Red Shadows , p. 251.

438. Fainstein, M. Sh., “Sud’ba ‘Slovarya russkikh botanikov’” [The fate of the “Dictionary of Russian Botanists”], Priroda 8 (1992): 126–128 (in Russian).

439. Lipschitz, S. J., “Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov,” Bulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdelenie Biologicheskoe 102 (4) (1997): 67–70 (in Russian).

440. See, for instance, Kozo-Polyansky, B. M., “Ob otnoshenii ‘novogo v nauke o biologicheskom vide’ k ucheniyu Darwina” [On the relationship of “new data in the science of the biological species” to Darwin’s theory], Bulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdelenie Biologicheskoe 59 (3) (1954): 85–87 (in Russian).

441. Efroimson, V. P., “O roli eksperimenta i tsifr v selskokhozyaistvennoi biologii” [On the role of experiment and the data in agricultural biology], Bulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdelenie Biologicheskoe 61 (5) (1956): 83–91 (in Russian).

442. Novikov, G. A., “Pamuyati Veniamina Iosifovicha Tsalkina” [In memory of Veniamin Iosifovich Tsalkin], Bulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdelenie Biologicheskoe 76 (1) (1971): 5–17 (in Russian).

443. Zonn, “Akademik Vladimir Nikolaevich Sukachev.”

444. Vorontsov, N. N., and A. V. Yablokov, “K 70-letiyu N. V. Timofeeva-Resovskogo” [To the 70th birthday of N. V. Timofeev-Ressovsky], Bulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdelenie Biologicheskoe 75 (5) (1970): 144–148 (in Russian).

445. Vorontsov, N. N., “Raznolikii Timofeev-Ressovsky” [The many faces of Timofeev-Ressovsky], Priroda 10 (1995): 90–105 (in Russian).

446. Soyfer, Lysenko , pp. 306–307; Gazenko, O. G., and A. A. Gyurdzhyan, “U istokov kosmicheskoi biologii i meditsiny: K 90-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya akademika N. M. Sisakyana” [At the beginning of cosmic biology and medicine: The 90th anniversary of Academician N. M. Sisakyan], Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk 67 (1) (1997): 82–87 (in Russian).

447. Lysenko, The Situation in Biological Science , p. 134.

448. Gazenko and Gyurdzhyan, “U istokov kosmicheskoi biologii.”

449. Zonn, “Akademik Vladimir Nikolaevich Sukachev.”

450. Soyfer, Lysenko , p. 270.

451. Ibid., p. 283.

452. Abelev et al., “Pis’mo.” Also see Golinevich, E. M., “Pis’mo v redaktsiyu Ogon’ka” [A letter to the Editorial Board of the magazine Ogonyok ], Ogonyok 29: 24 (in Russian).

453. Razgon, Lev, True Stories (Dana Point, CA: Ardis, 1997), pp. 175–179.

454. Abelev et al., “Pis’mo.”

455. Soyfer, Lysenko , pp. 335–336.

456. Kiselev, L. L., G. I. Abelev and F. L. Kiselev, “Kak Sirano de Bergerak, on mog gordit’sya belym perom na shleme: K 100-letiyu akademika L. A. Zilbera” [Like Cyrano de Bergerac, he could be proud of the white plume on his battle helmet: To the 100th anniversary of Academician L. A. Zilber], Priroda 6 (1994): 66–84 (in Russian).

457. Popovsky, Manipulated Science , pp. 38–39.

458. Dzhirkvelov, Secret Servant , pp. 68–69.

459. Popovsky, Manipulated Science , p. 39.

460. See Abelev, “The Alternative Science”; Neyfakh, A. A., “Address at the session of the Scientific Council of the Kol’tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, dedicated to the 70th birthday of A. A. Neyfakh,” Ontogenez 29 (5) (1998): 387–393 (in Russian; English trans. in Russian Journal of Developmental Biology 29 (5) (1998): 217–223).

461. Babkov, “N. K. Koltsov,” p. 10.

462. Sakharov, Memoirs , pp. 309–312.

463. Ibid., pp. 310–311.

464. Ibid., p. 311.

465. Ibid., p. 312.

466. Ibid., p. 386.

467. Fainberg, V. Ya., “Osnovatel’ novoi morali” [A founder of the new morality], Voprosy Istorii Estestvoznaniya i Tekhniki 4 (1990): 84–92 (in Russian).

468. For details, see Medvedev, Zh. A., and R. A. Medvedev, A Question of Madness (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1971).

469. Rubinin, P. E., “Svobodnyi chelovek v nesvobodnoi strane” [A free man in a non-free country], Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk 64 (6) (1994): 497–523 (in Russian).

470. Gorelik, G. E., “V. A. Fok: Filosofiya tyagoteniya i tyazhest’ filosofii” [V. A. Fok: The philosophy of gravity and the weight of philosophy], Priroda 10 (1993): 81–93 (in Russian).