Коллектив авторов - Аристотель. Идеи и интерпретации

О таком подходе и применяемых методах см: Петрова (2000), с. 48–53; Она же (2015А), с. 306–311; Петров (2008), с. 140–141; Он же (2015Б), с. 56–75. Результативность предложенных методов и подходов отражена в следующих исследованиях: Балалыкин (2015А), с. 119–134; Он же (2015Б), с. 95–112; Петров (2015 А), с. 394–403; Петрова (2015Б), с. 72–81; Серегина (2015), с. 197–207.

См.: Heitz (1869), p. 66. Эти строки предваряют те абзацы, которые мы намерены рассмотреть в нашем исследовании.

См., напр., Stahl (1952), p. 3–65; Flamant (1977), p. 148–171, 305–350, 382484, 485–680, 628–636; Gersh (1986), p. 502–522; Петрова (2015Б), с. 72–81.

Заметим, что Поль А. Климент при составлении комментария к этому месту своего перевода Застольных бесед (Ill, 3) указал на имитирование этого сюжета Макробием в Сатурналиях (VII, 6, 14–21). См. Clement (1969), p. 226. См. также: Ibidem, p. 1 (где П. Климент отмечает своё следование опыту ранних издателей Quaestiones convivales — Bernardaris [1892]; Hutten [1798]; Wyttenbach [1797]).

Пер. Я.М. Боровского. Ср. перевод Пола Клемента: «…Aristotle in his Concerning Drunkenness did not work out the element of causation when he wrote that old men were especially susceptible to drunkenness and women least susceptible, though it was not his habit to neglect such a matter… that one part of the problem threw light upon the other. If we should rightly determine the cause where women are concerned, there would be no further need of much speculation where old men are concerned, for their natures are very emphatically opposites: moist and dry, smooth and rough, soft and hard». «The first thing about women… they possess a moist temperament which, being a component of the female, is responsible for her delicate, sleek, smooth flesh, and for her menses; wine, therefore, when it falls into a great amount of liquid, is overcome, loses its edge, and becomes completely insipid and watery. Furthermore, one can get some hint of the causation even from Aristotle himself; for he says that people who drink all in one gulp, without drawing a breath, — a manner of drinking the ancients called ‘tossing it off, — are the people least apt to fall into a state of intoxication, since the wine does not linger in them, but proceeds through the body and is pushed out by the force of the draught. And we usually see women drinking in this fashion. Again, it is likely that the female body, on account of the constant drawing down of fluids for menstruation, has come to be provided with many passages and cut up as if by dikes and channels; and the wine doubtless falls into these, is quickly eliminated, and does not attack the body’s sovereign parts, from the disturbance of which drunkenness results. As for ‘old men’ the word itself ( gerontes ) seems to me to be the first thing to indicate that they are in need of proper moisture, for ‘old men’ are so called, not as ‘flowing into earth’ ( rheontes eis gen ), but as individuals now become ‘soil-like’ and ‘earthy’ ( geodeis, geeroi ) in their condition; their stiffness and hardness, and their roughness besides, show the dryness of their substance. Therefore, when they drink, it is likely that the wine is soaked up, for their bodies because of dryness are like sponges; and then the wine lies there and afflicts them with its heaviness. For just as flood-waters run off from compact soils and do not make mud, but are soaked up in greater degree by soils of loose texture, so in the bodies of old men wine lingers on, attracted by the dryness there. Apart from these considerations, one can observe that the characteristics of intoxication are those peculiar to the nature of old men, for the characteristics of intoxication are very clear: trembling limbs and stammering tongue, excessive talkativeness, irascible temper, forgetfulness, wandering mind. Most of these exist even in healthy old men and need but a slight turn of the scale, an accidental disturbance, to bring them out. Consequently, intoxication in an old man does not produce symptomatic characteristics peculiar to the individual, but simply intensifies characteristics common to all old men. A proof of this is the fact that nothing is more like an old man than a young man drunk». — Clement (1969), p. 227–231. Ср. также перевод, выполненный под редакцией Уильяма Гудвина: «…Aristotle in his discourse of Drunkenness, affirming that old men are easily, women hardly, overtaken, did not assign the cause, since he seldom failed on such occasions. He therefore proposed it to us (we were a great many acquaintance met at supper) as a fit subject for our enquiry. Sylla began: One part will conduce to the discovery of the other; and if we rightly hit the cause in relation to the women, the difficulty, as it concerns the old men, will be easily despatched; for their two natures are quite contrary. Moistness, smoothness, and softness belong to the one; and dryness, roughness, and hardness are the accidents of the other. As for women, I think the principal cause is the moistness of their temper; this produceth a softness in the flesh, a shining smoothness, and their usual purgations. Now when wine is mixed with a great deal of weak liquor, it is overpowered by that, loses its strength, and becomes flat and waterish. Some reason likewise may be drawn from [ Aristotle himself; for he affirms that those that drink fast, and take a large draught without drawing breath, are seldom overtaken, because the wine doth not stay long in their bodies, but having acquired an impetus by this greedy drinking, suddenly runs through]; and women are generally observed to drink after that manner. Besides, it is probable that their bodies, by reason of the continual defluction of the moisture in order to their usual purgations, are very porous, and divided as it were into many little pipes and conduits; into which when the wine falls, it is quickly conveyed away, and doth not lie and fret the principal parts, from whose disturbance drunkenness proceeds. But that old men want the natural moisture, even the name yspovisq, in my opinion, intimates; for that name was given them not as inclining to the earth (psovxsq siq yqv), but as being in the habit of their body ysroSsrq and ysqpoi, earthlike and earthy . Besides, the stiffness and roughness prove the dryness of their nature. Therefore it is probable that, when they drink, their body, being grown spongy by the dryness of its nature, soaks up the wine, and that lying in the vessels it affects the senses and prevents the natural motions. For as floods of water glide over the close grounds, nor make them slabby, but quickly sink into the open and chapped fields; thus wine, being sucked in by the dry parts, lies and works in the bodies of old men. But besides, it is easy to observe, that age of itself hath all the symptoms of drunkenness. These symptoms everybody knows; shaking of the joints, faltering of the tongue, babbling, passion, forgetfulness, and distraction of the mind; many of which being incident to old men, even whilst they are well and in perfect health, are heightened by any little irregularity and accidental debauch. So that drunkenness doth not beget in old men any new and proper symptoms, but only intend and increase the common ones. And an evident sign of this is, that nothing is so like an old man as a young man drunk». — Goodwin (tr.) 1874. Заметим, что Поль Клемент со ссылкой на Хуберта и Rose (see: Hubert [ed.] p. 119) отмечает неаутентичность места, относящегося к словам Аристотеля (=выделено полужирнымшрифтом). См.: Clement (1969), p. 229 (а).