Джошуа Ганс - Искусственный интеллект на службе бизнеса

Rosen, J . The Knowledge, London’s Legendary Taxi-Driver Test, Puts Up a Fight in the Age of GPS // New York Times. 2014. November 10 // https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/10/t-magazine/london-taxi-testknowledge.html?_r=0/.

В учебном изложении см. Gans, J. S . Core Economics for Managers. Australia: Cengage, 2005.

Средняя отдача от «взять» = (3/4 – не промокнуть с зонтиком) + (1/4 – не промокнуть с зонтиком) = (3/4)×8 + (1/4)×8 = 8,0.

Средняя отдача от «оставить» = (3/4 – не промокнуть с зонтиком) + (1/4 – промокнуть) = (3/4)×10 + (1/4)×0 = 7,5.

McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E . Machine, Platform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future. NY: Norton, 2017. P. 72.

Пример из: Dubé J.-P., Misra, S. Scalable Price Targeting / working paper. Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, 2017 // http://conference.nber.org/confer//2017/SI2017/PRIT/Dube_Misra.pdf.

Wakabayashi, D . Meet the People Who Train the Robots (to Do Their Own Jobs) // New York Times. 2017. April 28 // https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/28/technology/meet-the-people-who-train-the-robots-to-do-their-own-jobs.html?_r=1/.

Там же.

Popper, B. The Smart Bots Are Coming and This One Is Brilliant // The Verge. 2016. Aprile 7 // https://www.theverge.com/2016/4/7/11380470/amy-personaldigital-assistant-bot-ai-conversational/.

Huet, E. The Humans Hiding Behind the Chatbots // Bloomberg. 2016. April 18 // https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-18/the-humanshiding-behind-the-chatbots/.

Wakabayashi, D. Meet the People Who Train the Robots (to Do Their Own Jobs) // New York Times. 2017. April 28 // https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/28/technology/meet-the-people-who-train-the-robots-to-do-their-own-jobs.html?_r=1/.

Абрахам Вальд (1902–1950) – американский ученый, математик и статистик. Основатель статистического последовательного анализа. Прим. ред.

Mangel, M., Samaniego, F. J. Abraham Wald’s Work on Aircraft Survivability // The Journal of the American Statistical Association 79. 1984. № 386. P. 259–267.

Bronnenberg, B. J., Rossi, P. E., Vilcassim, N. J . Structural Modeling and Policy Simulation // The Journal of Marketing Research 42. 2005. № 1. P. 22–26 // http://journals.ama.org/doi/abs/10.1509/jmkr.42.1.22.56887/.

Dubé, J.-P. & oth . Recent Advances in Structural Econometric Modeling // Marketing Letters 16. 2005. № 3–4. P. 209–224 // https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11002–005–5886–0?LI=true00/.

Robot Mailman Rolls on a Tight Schedule // Popular Science. 1976. October // https://books.google.ca/books?id=HwEAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76&lpg=PA76&dq=mailmobile+robot&source=bl&ots=SHkkOiDv8K&sig=sYFXzg8Z8_GvOV8Gt30hoGrFhpk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=B3kLVYr7N8meNoLsg_AD&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=mailmobile%20robot&f=false.

Stigler, G. в изложении Rosenberg, N. (1991).

Studies of Decision Making Lead to Prize in Economics // Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences / press release / 1978. October 16 // https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1978/press.html. Simon, H. A. M. Turing Award, 1975 // http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/simon_1031467.cfm. См. Simon, H. Rationality as Process and as Product of Thought // American Economic Review 68. 1978. № 2. P. 1–16; Nevell, A., Simon, H . Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry // Communications of the ACM 19. 1976. № 3. P. 120.

Фредерик Йелинек (Frederick Jelinek; 1932–2010) – ученый, теоретик вычислительных систем, один из пионеров обработки естественного языка и автоматического распознавания речи. До 1993 года работал в исследовательском центре IBM имени Томаса Уотсона, где занимался разработкой применения цепей Маркова для распознавания речи. Прим. ред.

Цит. по: Moore, R. K. Results from a Survey of Attendees at ASRU1997 & 2003 // INTERSPEECH-2005. Lisbon, 2005, September 4–8.

Autopilot worked for me today and saved an accident / Tesla Motors Club / 2016. December 12 // https://teslamotorsclub.com/tmc/threads/autopilot-worked-for-me-today-and-saved-an-accident.82268/.

Несколькими неделями спустя видеорегистратор другого водителя заснял действие: Lambert, F. Tesla Autopilot’s New Radar Technology Predicts an Accident Caught on Dashcamera a Second Later // Electrek. 2016. December 27 // https://electrek.co/2016/12/27/tesla-autopilot-radar-technology-predict-accident-dashcam/.

NHTSA. U.S. DOT and IIHS Announce Historic Commitment of 20 Automakers to Make Automatic Emergency Braking Standard on New Vehicles. 2016. Marth 17 // https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/us-dot-and-iihs-announcehistoric-commitment-20-automakers-make-automatic-emergency/.

Diss, K . Driverless Trucks Move All Iron Ore at Rio Tinto’s Pilbara Mines, in World First // ABC News. 2015. October 7 // http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-18/rio-tinto-opens-worlds-first-automated-mine/6863814/.

Simonite, T . Mining 24 Hours a Day with Robots // MIT Technology Review. 2016. December 28 // https://www.technologyreview.com/s/603170/mining-24-hours-a-day-with-robots/.

Kelly, S. M . Stunning Underwater Olympics Shots Are Now Taken by Robots // CNN. 2016. August 9 // http://money.cnn.com/2016/08/08/technology/olympics-underwater-robots-getty/.

Le, H., Kang, A., Yue, Y . Smooth Imitation Learning for Online Sequence Prediction // International Conference on Machine Learning. 2016. June 9 // https://www.disneyresearch.com/publication/smooth-imitation-learning/.

Три закона робототехники – обязательные правила поведения для роботов, фигурирующие в серии фантастических произведений Айзека Азимова.

Первый закон робототехники.Робот не может причинить вред человеку или своим бездействием допустить, чтобы человеку был причинен вред.

Второй закон робототехники.Робот должен повиноваться командам человека, если эти команды не противоречат Первому закону.