Christopher Hallinan - Embedded Linux Primer - A Practical, Real-World Approach

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Comprehensive Real-World Guidance for Every Embedded Developer and Engineer
This book brings together indispensable knowledge for building efficient, high-value, Linux-based embedded products: information that has never been assembled in one place before. Drawing on years of experience as an embedded Linux consultant and field application engineer, Christopher Hallinan offers solutions for the specific technical issues you're most likely to face, demonstrates how to build an effective embedded Linux environment, and shows how to use it as productively as possible.
Hallinan begins by touring a typical Linux-based embedded system, introducing key concepts and components, and calling attention to differences between Linux and traditional embedded environments. Writing from the embedded developer's viewpoint, he thoroughly addresses issues ranging from kernel building and initialization to bootloaders, device drivers to file systems.
Hallinan thoroughly covers the increasingly popular BusyBox utilities; presents a step-by-step walkthrough of porting Linux to custom boards; and introduces real-time configuration via CONFIG_RT--one of today's most exciting developments in embedded Linux. You'll find especially detailed coverage of using development tools to analyze and debug embedded systems--including the art of kernel debugging.
• Compare leading embedded Linux processors
• Understand the details of the Linux kernel initialization process
• Learn about the special role of bootloaders in embedded Linux systems, with specific emphasis on U-Boot
• Use embedded Linux file systems, including JFFS2--with detailed guidelines for building Flash-resident file system images
• Understand the Memory Technology Devices subsystem for flash (and other) memory devices
• Master gdb, KGDB, and hardware JTAG debugging
• Learn many tips and techniques for debugging within the Linux kernel
• Maximize your productivity in cross-development environments
• Prepare your entire development environment, including TFTP, DHCP, and NFS target servers
• Configure, build, and initialize BusyBox to support your unique requirements

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7. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.

8. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

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It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.

This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

9. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

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Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

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12. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

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Appendix B. U-Boot Configurable Commands

U-Boot has more than 60 configurable commands. These are summarized here in Table B-1 from a recent U-Boot snapshot. In addition to these are a large number of nonstandard commands, some of which depend on specific hardware or are experimental. For the complete and up-to-date listing, consult the source code. The commands are defined in the .../include/cmd_confdefs.h header file from the top-level U-Boot source directory.

Table B-1. U-Boot Configurable Commands

Command Set Commands
CFG_CMD_BDI bdinfo
CFG_CMD_LOADS loads
CFG_CMD_LOADB loadb
CFG_CMD_IMI iminfo
CFG_CMD_CACHE icache, dcache
CFG_CMD_FLASH flinfo, erase, protect
CFG_CMD_MEMORY md, mm, nm, mw, cp, cmp, crc, base, loop, mtest
CFG_CMD_NET bootp, tftpboot, rarpboot
CFG_CMD_ENV saveenv
CFG_CMD_KGDB kgdb
CFG_CMD_PCMCIA PCMCIA support
CFG_CMD_IDE IDE hard disk support
CFG_CMD_PCI pciinfo
CFG_CMD_IRQ irqinfo
CFG_CMD_BOOTD bootd
CFG_CMD_CONSOLE coninfo
CFG_CMD_EEPROM EEPROM read/write support
CFG_CMD_ASKENV ask for environment variable
CFG_CMD_RUN run command in environment variable
CFG_CMD_ECHO echo arguments
CFG_CMD_I2C I2C serial bus support
CFG_CMD_REGINFO Register dump
CFG_CMD_IMMAP IMMR dump support
CFG_CMD_DATE Support for RTC, date/time, and so on.
CFG_CMD_DHCP DHCP support
CFG_CMD_BEDBUG Includes BedBug debugger
CFG_CMD_FDC Floppy disk support
CFG_CMD_SCSI SCSI support
CFG_CMD_AUTOSCRIPT Autoscript support
CFG_CMD_MII MII support
CFG_CMD_SETGETDCR DCR support on 4xx
CFG_CMD_BSP Board-specific functions
CFG_CMD_ELF ELF (VxWorks) load/boot command
CFG_CMD_MISC Miscellaneous functions, such as sleep
CFG_CMD_USB USB support
CFG_CMD_DOC Disk-on-chip support
CFG_CMD_JFFS2 JFFS2 support
CFG_CMD_DTT Digital therm and thermostat
CFG_CMD_SDRAM SDRAM DIMM SPD info printout
CFG_CMD_DIAG Diagnostics
CFG_CMD_FPGA FPGA configuration support
CFG_CMD_HWFLOW RTS/CTS hardware flow control
CFG_CMD_SAVES Saves S record dump
CFG_CMD_SPI SPI utility
CFG_CMD_FDOS Floppy DOS support
CFG_CMD_VFD VFD support (TRAB)
CFG_CMD_NAND NAND support
CFG_CMD_BMP BMP support
CFG_CMD_PORTIO Port I/O
CFG_CMD_PING Ping support
CFG_CMD_MMC MMC support
CFG_CMD_FAT FAT support
CFG_CMD_IMLS Lists all found images
CFG_CMD_ITEST Integer (and string) test
CFG_CMD_NFS NFS support
CFG_CMD_REISER Reiserfs support
CFG_CMD_CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol
CFG_CMD_XIMG Loads part of multi-image
CFG_CMD_UNIVERSE Tundra Universe support
CFG_CMD_EXT2 EXT2 support
CFG_CMD_SNTP SNTP support
CFG_CMD_DISPLAY Display support

Appendix C. BusyBox Commands

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