Chris Tyler - Fedora Linux
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- Название:Fedora Linux
- Автор:
- Издательство:O'Reilly
- Жанр:
- Год:2006
- ISBN:978-0-596-52682-5
- Рейтинг книги:5 / 5. Голосов: 1
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Fedora Linux: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация
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Fedora Linux: A Complete Guide to Red Hat's Community Distribution In this book, you'll learn how to:
Install Fedora and perform basic administrative tasks
Configure the KDE and GNOME desktops
Get power management working on your notebook computer and hop on a wired or wireless network
Find, install, and update any of the thousands of packages available for Fedora
Perform backups, increase reliability with RAID, and manage your disks with logical volumes
Set up a server with file sharing, DNS, DHCP, email, a Web server, and more
Work with Fedora's security features including SELinux, PAM, and Access Control Lists (ACLs)
Whether you are running the stable version of Fedora Core or bleeding-edge Rawhide releases, this book has something for every level of user. The modular, lab-based approach not only shows you how things work - but also explains why--and provides you with the answers you need to get up and running with Fedora Linux.
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$ rpm -qf /usr/lib/libcdda_interface.so
cdparanoia-libs-alpha9.8-25
Or to find out which packages provide smtpdaemon (inbound mail server) capability:
$ rpm -q --whatprovides smtpdaemon
sendmail-8.13.4-2
postfix-2.2.2-2
Sometimes, though, you need more information than the name and version number of the packages selected. Table 5-2 lists the most common query output options.
Table 5-2. Query output options
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| --changelog | Shows the package changelog, a list of changes to the various versions of the package (not necessarily to various versions of the software). |
| -c | Shows the configuration files included in the package. |
| -d | Shows the documentation files included in the package. |
| -l | Lists files included in the package. |
| --filesbypkg | Same as -l, except that the package name is printed in front of each file; useful when multiple packages are selected. |
| -i | Provides detailed information about the package (package description, license, group, origin, and so forth). |
| --provides | Lists the capabilities provided by the package. |
| --requires | Lists the capabilities required to successfully use the package. |
| --scripts | Displays pre- and post-installation scripts, and pre- and post-uninstallation (removal) scripts. |
| --triggers | Displays the trigger scripts in the package. Trigger scripts are invoked when another, related package is installed or removed. |
When output options and selection options are combined, rpm becomes a very powerful tool. For example, to see the description of the package that installed /etc/mail/access :
$ rpm -qif /etc/mail/access
Name : sendmail Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 8.13.4 Vendor: Red Hat, Inc.
Release : 2 Build Date: Fri 06 May 2005 08:35:13 AM EDT
Install Date: Mon 29 Aug 2005 12:46:19 AM EDT Build Host: decompose.build.redhat.com
Group : System Environment/Daemons Source RPM: sendmail-8.13.4-2.src.rpm
Size : 1332268 License: Sendmail
Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 20 May 2005 01:44:43 PM EDT, Key ID b44269d04f2a6fd2
Packager : Red Hat, Inc.
Summary : A widely used Mail Transport Agent (MTA).
Description :
The Sendmail program is a very widely used Mail Transport Agent (MTA).
MTAs send mail from one machine to another. Sendmail is not a client
program, which you use to read your email. Sendmail is a
behind-the-scenes program which actually moves your email over
networks or the Internet to where you want it to go.
If you ever need to reconfigure Sendmail, you will also need to have
the sendmail.cf package installed. If you need documentation on
Sendmail, you can install the sendmail-doc package.
To see all of the files installed by the package that installed /usr/lib/libcdda_interface.so :
$ rpm -qlf /usr/lib/libcdda_interface.so
/usr/lib/libcdda_interface.so
/usr/lib/libcdda_interface.so.0
/usr/lib/libcdda_interface.so.0.9.8
/usr/lib/libcdda_paranoia.so
/usr/lib/libcdda_paranoia.so.0
/usr/lib/libcdda_paranoia.so.0.9.8
Or to see those files along with the package name:
$ rpm -qf --filesbypkg /usr/lib/libcdda_interface.so
cdparanoia-libs /usr/lib/libcdda_interface.so
cdparanoia-libs /usr/lib/libcdda_interface.so.0
cdparanoia-libs /usr/lib/libcdda_interface.so.0.9.8
cdparanoia-libs /usr/lib/libcdda_paranoia.so
cdparanoia-libs /usr/lib/libcdda_paranoia.so.0
cdparanoia-libs /usr/lib/libcdda_paranoia.so.0.9.8
To see all of the other capabilities provided by the package that provides the capability perl :
$ rpm -q --whatprovides perl --provides
APItest.so
B.so
Base64.so
Byte.so
ByteLoader.so
...(Lines snipped)...
perl(warnings::register) = 1.00
re.so
scalar.so
shared.so
threads.so
via.so
perl = 3:5.8.6-15
To see the scripts that will be triggered by removing sendmail :
$ rpm -q --triggeredby sendmail --triggers
triggerpostun scriptlet (using /bin/sh) -- sendmail < 8.10.0
/sbin/chkconfig --add sendmail
triggerpostun scriptlet (using /bin/sh) -- sendmail < 8.11.6-11
/usr/sbin/alternatives --auto mta
To list the files in the uninstalled RPM package file a52dec-0.7.4-4.fr.i386.rpm :
$ rpm -qlp a52dec-0.7.4-4.fr.i386.rpm
/usr/bin/a52dec
/usr/bin/extract_a52
/usr/share/doc/a52dec-0.7.4
/usr/share/doc/a52dec-0.7.4/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/a52dec-0.7.4/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/a52dec-0.7.4/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/a52dec-0.7.4/NEWS
/usr/share/doc/a52dec-0.7.4/README
/usr/share/doc/a52dec-0.7.4/TODO
/usr/share/doc/a52dec-0.7.4/liba52.txt
/usr/share/man/man1/a52dec.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/extract_a52.1.gz
If that RPM were on a remote web server or FTP server, you could substitute the URI for the filename:
$ rpm -qlp \ ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/video/videolan/testing/vlc-0.7.0-test1/rpm/rh9-fc1/rh9-fc1/vlc/a52dec-0.7.4-4.fr.i386.rpm
/usr/bin/a52dec
/usr/bin/extract_a52
...(Lines snipped)...
5.1.2. How Does It Work?
RPM packages are compressed archives of files with metadata. The archive is in cpio format, with gzip compression; the metadata is stored in a flexible, easily extensible format for forward- and (limited) backward-compatibility.
When a package is installed, the metadata is copied to the RPM database. If this were not done, it would be necessary to keep all of the original package files in storage to find out about installed packages, and queries would run very slowly because hundreds of files would have to be individually opened and searched.
The RPM database is stored in several files in /var/lib/rpm . These databases are in the indexed DBM/GDBM format, which is also used for other configuration databases such as /etc/aliases.db ; this indexed format permits high-speed searching.
5.1.3. What About...
5.1.3.1. ...converting an RPM to a plain archive?
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