C. Chivers - The Gun

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At a secret arms-design contest in Stalin’s Soviet Union, army technicians submitted a stubby rifle with a curved magazine. Dubbed the AK-47, it was selected as the Eastern Bloc’s standard arm. Scoffed at in the Pentagon as crude and unimpressive, it was in fact a breakthrough—a compact automatic that could be mastered by almost anyone, last decades in the field, and would rarely jam. Manufactured by tens of millions in planned economies, it became first an instrument of repression and then the most lethal weapon of the Cold War. Soon it was in the hands of terrorists.
In a searing examination of modern conflict and official folly, C. J. Chivers mixes meticulous historical research, investigative reporting, and battlefield reportage to illuminate the origins of the world’s most abundant firearm and the consequences of its spread. The result, a tour de force of history and storytelling, sweeps through the miniaturization and distribution of automatic firepower, and puts an iconic object in fuller context than ever before.
The Gun
The Gun
Throughout,
animates unforgettable characters—inventors, salesmen, heroes, megalomaniacs, racists, dictators, gunrunners, terrorists, child soldiers, government careerists, and fools. Drawing from years of research, interviews, and from declassified records revealed for the first time, he presents a richly human account of an evolution in the very experience of war.

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United States Infantry Board, 276

Ustinov, Dmitri F., 211–12, 358–59

V

Vance, Cyrus R., 272–73, 280, 283, 288–90

Vandenburgh, Origen, 28, 55, 160

Vandenburgh gun, 28, 43, 160

van der Steur, A. W., 258

Velvet Revolution, 365

Venezuela, 12, 355

Verdun, Battle of, 131

Versailles, Treaty of, 140, 162, 228, 246

Vickers, Albert, 76, 89, 129

Vickers gun, 126, 129, 138

Vien, Cao Van, 282

Vienna, 74

Gatling gun tests in, 40–44

Maxim gun tests in, 83, 86

Vietnam, Vietnam War, 5–6, 263–72, 294–336, 419 n

AK-47s in, 9, 13, 21, 265–67, 270, 272, 294–95, 308–9, 313, 317, 324, 332, 335–36, 340–41, 356, 363, 401, 406, 444 n

ammunition in, 264–65, 271, 285 n

AR-15s in, 270–71, 280–83, 285 n

bombing North Vietnam in, 294

casualties in, 264–66, 268, 282–83, 294, 300, 303, 311, 313–15, 317–18, 321–24, 330, 333, 335, 401, 439 n , 444 n

Chervenak’s letter and, 321–24, 327–28, 442 n

Hill Fights in, 310–14, 319, 322

M-16s in, 263–64, 267–69, 271, 294, 296–308, 310–35, 353, 356, 415, 441 n , 442 n –43 n

Marines in, 6, 9, 263–68, 271, 296, 306–7, 310–25, 327–29, 332–33, 335–36, 356

Operation Attleboro in, 302

Operation Bear Chain in, 264, 318, 329

prisoners in, 283, 324

public opinion on, 334

Tet Offensive in, 332, 401

U.S. Army in, 263, 294, 296, 298–307, 316, 320–21, 330, 333–34

weapons stockpiling and, 355

Villar Perosa gun, 139

volley guns, 26–28, 36, 42–43

Vollmer, Heinrich, 162, 166

Voronov, Nikolai N., 205–6

Voyenniye Znaniya, 243

VSS, 385

vz-58, 433 n

W

Walker, Charles Pyndar Beauchamp, 65

Walt, Lewis W., 319–21

Walther, Carl, 164

War Department, U.S.:

ammunition testing and, 231

Gatling gun production and, 30

on tactical uses of machine guns, 93, 118

see also Defense Department, U.S.

Warren Commission, 285

Warsaw Pact, 18, 214–17, 237–38, 342–44

and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 215, 217, 242, 249, 340, 342, 344, 346, 358–59, 361, 386

collapse of, 368

Hungary’s attempt to withdraw from, 237

and Soviet invasion of Hungary, 224, 238

weapons pilfering in, 366–68

weapons standardization in, 214–15, 249

Washington Daily News, 307–8

Washington Post, 92, 323, 327–28, 442 n

Watson, Peter H., 30

WDMET (Wound Data and Munitions Effectiveness Team), 265 n

weapons:

contests for designs of, 4, 144–48, 150–54, 158–61, 188–89, 191–92, 195 n , 197, 200, 205, 207, 345

pilfering and illegal transfers of, 340, 366–71, 411

private dealing of, 86, 354–56, 358, 363, 369

profiteering and, 32–33

standardization of, 32–33, 203–4, 214–15, 249, 255–57, 275, 296, 364–65, 408, 419 n , 435–36 n , 444 n

stockpiling of, 5, 9, 12–13, 340–44, 349, 354–58, 366–68, 387, 398–99, 410–11

Welles, Edgar, 51, 53, 57

West Germany, see Germany, Federal Republic of

Westmoreland, William C., 294–96, 298–99, 306, 308

whale hunting, 12

Wheeler, Earle, 292–95

on AK-47, 290, 294–95, 308

automatic rifle testing and, 283–84, 288, 292–93

Whirlwind, Operation, 238

“White Man’s Burden, The” (Kipling), 104

Wilkinson, Captain, 62

William, Archduke, 83

William II, Emperor of Germany, 109, 117–18

Maxim gun demonstrated for, 84, 90, 112

special machine-gun units and, 117

World War I and, 118

Williston, Edward B., 84

Winchester, Winchester rifles, 75, 91–92, 293, 438 n

Winter War, 166

Winton, Sir Francis de, 84–85

Wolseley, Lord Garnet J.:

Ashanti War, 47–48, 78

Maxim’s relationship with, 105

Woodard, Charles, 324, 441 n

World War I, 55, 107, 118–40, 161, 163–65

Armistice in, 137

automatic rifles in, 138–40, 163, 167, 267

battle of Tanga in, 119–21, 426 n

Battle of the Somme in, 131–35, 137, 164–65

casualties in, 45, 118–21, 123–30, 132–37, 251

Germany in, 118–20, 123, 127–36, 138–40, 233, 246, 426 n

human wave attacks in, 123, 126–29, 133–34, 137

machine guns and, 45, 84, 90, 119–22, 124, 128–31, 133–34, 163, 165, 246, 251–52, 255, 424 n , 426 n

prisoners in, 129, 134, 246

start of, 118

stockpiles of weapons from, 344

submachine guns in, 228, 233, 236

training for, 123–27

trench systems in, 121–25, 127–29, 131–33, 135, 137–39, 233, 236, 251

Western Front in, 119, 121–23, 131–35, 138–39, 236

World War II, 151–53, 161, 246, 264, 269–70, 280–81, 332, 334, 342–44, 365, 405

automatic rifles in, 155, 163–66, 253–54, 280, 295

casualties in, 157, 179–80, 185, 254–55, 287

German invasion of Soviet Union in, 4, 146, 155–57, 159, 164–65, 168–69, 176–80, 182, 185, 199, 209, 238, 343, 358

Kalashnikov in, 144, 146–47, 149, 151, 176–78, 180, 183, 185, 209, 224, 226

M1s in, 199, 253, 295

prisoners in, 1, 152

Soviet Union and, 4, 143–44, 146, 153, 155–59, 164–66, 168–69, 174–83, 185, 199, 202, 209, 212, 214, 221, 224, 238, 280, 343, 358, 436 n

stockpiling weapons from, 344, 354–56

submachine guns in, 168–69, 179–80, 182, 185

Winter War and, 166

Wound Data and Munitions Effectiveness Team (WDMET), 265 n

Wyman, Willard G., 276, 438 n

X

XM8, 20

Xu Xiangqian, 216

Y

Yakovlev, Aleksandr, 158

Yassin, Sheik Ahmed, 11

Ybarr, Corporal, 313

Yeltsin, Boris N., 406

Yemen, 13, 248, 395

Yepishev, Aleksei, 18–19

Yomuds, 49, 57–58, 61

Yonnies, 84–86, 103

Yount, Harold W., 290, 300, 303–7, 324–25

Yousaf, Mohammad, 382–83

Yugoslavia, 157, 340, 366–67, 436–37 n

and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 9, 11–12, 16, 250–51, 257, 364, 390–91, 412

arms pilfering and, 367

Hungarian embassy of, 226, 238–39

Z

Zaharoff, Basil, 86

Zaitsev, Aleksandr, 186, 188–90, 192, 200

Zastava, 250–51, 399

Zhao Erlu, 217

Zhukov, Georgy K., 18–19, 156, 175–76, 238

Zimbabwe, 86, 225

Zmukshir, 49–50

Zulu War, 62–65, 83, 87, 124

zundnadelgewehr (needle gun), 42

Copyright

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Copyright © 2010 by C. J. Chivers

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First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition October 2010

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