C. Chivers - The Gun

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The Gun: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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At a secret arms-design contest in Stalin’s Soviet Union, army technicians submitted a stubby rifle with a curved magazine. Dubbed the AK-47, it was selected as the Eastern Bloc’s standard arm. Scoffed at in the Pentagon as crude and unimpressive, it was in fact a breakthrough—a compact automatic that could be mastered by almost anyone, last decades in the field, and would rarely jam. Manufactured by tens of millions in planned economies, it became first an instrument of repression and then the most lethal weapon of the Cold War. Soon it was in the hands of terrorists.
In a searing examination of modern conflict and official folly, C. J. Chivers mixes meticulous historical research, investigative reporting, and battlefield reportage to illuminate the origins of the world’s most abundant firearm and the consequences of its spread. The result, a tour de force of history and storytelling, sweeps through the miniaturization and distribution of automatic firepower, and puts an iconic object in fuller context than ever before.
The Gun
The Gun
Throughout,
animates unforgettable characters—inventors, salesmen, heroes, megalomaniacs, racists, dictators, gunrunners, terrorists, child soldiers, government careerists, and fools. Drawing from years of research, interviews, and from declassified records revealed for the first time, he presents a richly human account of an evolution in the very experience of war.

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Ripley gun, 28–29

Rivers, L. Mendel, 310

Rixon, A. J., 125–26

RK-60, 249

RK-62, 250

Robari, 85–86

Rock Island Arsenal, 290–91, 296, 299–300, 305, 307, 326

Rogers, Ebenezer, 54–58

in Ashanti War, 54

in Gatling gun marketing and sales, 54, 56–58, 62, 65, 81–82, 149, 422 n

Romania, 214–15, 225, 399

and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 12–13, 215, 245, 382, 390–91, 409, 412

purchase prices of AK-type rifles from, 386

revolution in, 365–66

Romtechnica, 399

Ronietto, 85–86

Roosevelt, Theodore, 96–97

Rosebud River, Native American encampment on, 58–60

Rosoboronexport, 400, 403, 444 n

Rottmann, Larry, 263

Rougier, Michael, 225, 240–41

Royal Bavarian Arsenal, 40

Royal Laboratory, 68

Royal Rifle and Ammunition Factory, 246

Royal United Services Institution, 55, 82

Gardner’s lecture at, 64–65

Rogers’s lecture at, 57–58, 422 n

RPK (Ruchnoi Pulemyot Kalashnikova), 16, 243–44, 364

Ruger, 293

Russell, Richard B., Jr., 296

Russian Empire, 169

advance on Khiva of, 48–49, 57, 61

automatic rifles in, 138

collapse of, 170

Gatling gun sales and, 40–41, 48, 51–52, 56, 167

Maxim guns purchased and used by, 112, 114–16, 167

in World War I, 246

Yomuds repulsed by, 49, 57–58, 61

Russian Federation, 385, 398–406, 408–12

and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 207, 390–91, 409, 412

Kalashnikov’s public duties and, 401–3

and purchase prices of AK rifles, 382

training on AK rifles in, 404–5

weapons stockpiling and, 398–99, 410–11

Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, 141, 184, 219–20, 340

and AK and AK-type rifle design and development, 146–47, 257

and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 3, 11–13, 15, 17

reliability of historical sources in, 19

in World War II, 143, 146, 149

see also Soviet Union

Russo-Japanese War, 113–17

battle for Port Arthur in, 113–16, 122–23, 252

casualties in, 114–17, 122, 426 n

Maxim guns in, 113–17, 119, 167, 252

Rwanda, 13, 340, 357, 371

S

Saakashvili, Mikheil, 385

Sadat, Anwar, 10, 354, 358

Sakamoto, Lieutenant, 117

Sakharov, Andrei D., 407

Sakurai, Tadayoshi, 114, 116

Salih, Barham, 388–90, 392–94, 396

Salih, Sergey, 360

Salisbury, Lord, 106

Samozaryadny Karabin Sistemy Simonova (SKS), 155, 184, 187–88, 217

Saturday Evening Post, 235

Saturday Review, 53

Saudi Arabia, 361

SAWS (Small Arms Weapons Systems) test, 293–94, 303

SAWs (squad automatic weapons), 363 n , 378 n , 442 n

SCAR, 20

Scherer, Theodor, 164

Schmeisser, Hugo, 202

and AK-47 design and development, 152, 192, 207–8, 433 n

automatic rifle of, 139, 163–64, 207–8, 254

Schnitzler, Karl-Edvard von, 348

Schreiber, Kurt, 246–47

Schurovo, see NIPSMVO

SCHV (small-caliber, high-velocity) rounds, 276–77, 353, 438 n

Scientific American, 109

Semin, Boris, 166

September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 11, 396

Serbia, 12, 367–68, 399

Serov, Ivan, 238

SG-43, 206

Shirayev, Dmitri, 207–8

Shooting Times, 297–98

Sierra Leone, 370–71

Simelius, Sakari, 249

Simonov, Sergei Gavrilovich, 160

Kalashnikov’s submachine gun designs and, 183–84

semiautomatic rifle of, 155, 184, 186, 217

Sinia Brigade, 372

Sioux, 58–61

Sitting Bull, 58–61

Six Day War, 12, 341, 444 n

Skerrett, J. S., 30

Skoda machine gun, 109

SKS ( Samozaryadny Karabin Sistemy Simonova ), 155, 184, 187, 217

Small Arms Weapons Systems (SAWS) test, 293–94, 303

small-caliber, high velocity (SCHV) rounds, 276–77, 353, 439 n

Smith & Wesson, 41

Smithsonian Institution, 150, 194–95

smokeless propellants, 74, 92, 122, 135, 196

sniper rifles, snipers, 385

ammunition of, 3, 161–62, 166 n

of Dragunov, 16, 166 n , 244, 364, 436 n

pilfering and illegal transfer of, 370

in World War I, 121, 123, 125, 135

Sokolov, Yury M., 243

Sokolovsky, Tuvia, 350

Somme, Battle of the, 131–35, 137, 164–65

Sovetsky Voin, 211 n

Soviet-Afghan War, 10–11, 13, 381, 383, 412

Soviet Rifles and Carbines, Identification and Operation, 256

Soviet Union, 1–9, 141–61, 174–86, 206–24, 351–54, 356–62

and AK-47’s design and development, 3–8, 145–46, 148–54, 207, 269, 292, 308, 360, 433 n , 435 n

AK-47’s precursors and, 155

AK-47’s publicity and, 211 n

and AK-47’s testing and demonstrations, 3, 199, 287, 290, 294–95

AK-74 and, 353

and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 3–4, 12, 185–86, 190, 192, 194–95, 201–3, 207–8, 219–20, 227–28, 246–47, 249–50, 259, 265, 268, 273, 309–10, 340–42, 349, 353–54, 357–59, 361, 364–65, 407–10, 412, 435 n , 441 n , 444 n

AKM and, 353, 359–60

AK rifle’s symbolism and, 14, 385

and alleged secrecy about Kalashnikov, 401–2

and ammunition of automatic rifles, 165–66

atomic bomb tested by, 1–3

collapse of, 152, 190, 207, 220, 365–66, 369, 371, 398, 401, 403–4, 406 n , 433 n

collectivization in, 1, 156, 171–72, 177, 354, 405

contests for military equipment designs in, 144–47, 150–54, 158–61

European satellites of, 214–15, 218–23, 237, 245, 273, 342, 348, 365, 368

family of arms built around AK-47 by, 242–43

foreign policy of, 159, 201–4, 213–24, 226, 237–43, 248, 250, 255–56, 265, 342–43, 348, 356–57, 361–62, 365, 368, 380–81, 399, 407, 436 n

German invasion of, 4, 146, 155–57, 159, 164–65, 168–69, 176–80, 182, 185, 199, 209, 238, 343, 358

Germany occupied by, 159

Kalashnikov’s awards and honors in, 209–11

Kalashnikov’s education and, 174

Kalashnikov’s legacy and, 405

Kalashnikov’s official biography and, 7, 176–83, 190, 195, 210

Kalashnikov’s public duties and, 401–3

Kalashnikov’s social persecution and, 244–45

Kalashnikov’s submachine gun designs and, 181–82

legacy of, 152–53, 413

M-16 and, 353

NIPSMVO and, 143–44, 345–46

nuclear programs of, 1–5, 148, 203, 359–60, 407–8

October Revolution and, 156, 168, 170, 193, 351

and pilfering and illegal weapons transfers, 366–67

propaganda in, 7, 9, 17–19, 150, 156, 176–79, 188, 190–91, 195, 211–12, 404 n

and purchase prices of AK rifles, 383

purges in, 156, 159, 168, 210, 212–13, 348

reliability of historical sources in, 7, 17–19, 429 n

U.S. arms race with, 153, 169, 253–54, 256, 259, 272–73, 276, 353

weapons manufacturing in, 153, 157–59, 167–69, 352–53

weapons standardization of, 203–4, 214–15, 249, 364–65

World War II and, 4, 143–44, 146, 153, 155–59, 164–66, 168–69, 174–83, 185, 199, 202, 209, 212, 214, 221, 224, 238, 280, 343, 358, 436 n

see also Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic

Spain, 53, 89–90, 384 n

Spanish-American War, 92–97, 107–8, 117, 228–30, 424 n

ammunition testing and, 229–30

casualties in, 95, 230

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