Ian Kershaw - The End

Greece 94, 121

Greifswald 324

Greiser, Arthur (Gauleiter of Reichsgau Wartheland) 214–15

escape from Poland 214, 215

execution 214

Grohé, Joseph (Gauleiter of Cologne-Aachen) 64, 318–19

Groß-Rosen concentration camp 232–3, 329

Guderian, Colonel-General Heinz 45–6, 160

as Chief of General Staff 45–6, 48, 49, 85–6, 102, 106, 127, 165, 170–71, 197–200, 205, 252, 253, 256, 259, 284, 288; dismissal 251–2, 284, 305–6

Goebbels and 46

Hitler and 165, 170

as Inspector-General of Armoured Troops 28, 45

on Red Army invasion 110

Reinhardt and 197, 198, 199, 200, 205

Speer and 398

Guernica, German bombing of 236

guerrilla activity see Werwolf . . .

Gumbinnen 173

Hague Convention (1907) 107

Halder, General Franz (Chief of General Staff) 28

Halle 297

Hamburg 157, 336

Allied bombing (July 1943) 235, 238

capitulation (May 1945) 366

Hamm 297

Hanke, Karl (Gauleiter of Breslau) 245, 262, 320–21

escape from Breslau (May 1945) 321

Speer and 321

Hanover 297

Harpe, Colonel-General Josef 168, 171, 196–7

as 5th Panzer Army C-in-C (January 1945–on) 304

dismissal (January 1945) as Army Group A C-in-C 203, 221, 304

Harris, Arthur (‘Bomber’) 235

Harz Mountains 303

Hausser, Waffen-SS Colonel-General Paul 253–4, 263

dismissal (April 1945) 299

Heidelberg 255

Heidkämper, Lieutenant-General Wilhelm 197, 200

Heilbronn 299, 326

Heiligenbeil 174

Heilsberg area 198–9, 200, 201, 250–51

Heinrici, Colonel-General Gotthard 168, 270–71

as Army Group Vistula C-in-C 270, 301, 337–8, 340; dismissal (April 1945) 338

in Berlin 307–9, 337–8, 396

post-war memoirs 309

Hitler and 307–9, 337–8

Speer mentions possible assassination of Hitler to (April 1945) 309

Hellmuth, Otto (Gauleiter of Würzburg) 291

Helm, Major Erwin 326–7

Hess, Rudolf, his flight to Britain 21

Heusinger, General Adolf 29

Himmler, Heinrich (Reichsführer-SS) 11, 22–3, 29, 35–40, 62, 65, 66, 77, 90, 113, 141–4, 174, 210, 212, 222–3, 240, 308

Allies, his attempts to negotiate with 241, 329, 330, 331, 336–7, 346; with US 229–30

as Army Group Upper Rhine C-in-C 164, 204

as Army Group Vistula C-in-C 204, 211, 250, 263, 270, 283–4, 353

Bormann and 86; Volkssturm national militia founded by 86–8; see also Volkssturm

character/personal appearance 22, 37, 240, 241, 243, 283–4

Dönitz as Reich President and 350, 352, 359–60

his exit strategy 283–4

on the Final Solution 119, 228

his health 283

Hitler and 230, 283–4, 346, 353, 359

Jewish concentration camps inmates, attempts to barter for cash 229–30

negotiated peace, support for 280–81, 291–2

power/influence 22, 23, 35, 36, 37, 42–4, 49, 52–3, 67–8, 82, 84–5, 86, 284

as Replacement Army C-in-C 35–8, 40, 353, 396

Speer and 240–41

suicide (May 1945) 356, 360

Hitler, Adolf 396–400

as Army C-in-C 169–72, 201, 202, 272, 395–6,398; his generals, relationship with 200, 202, 203, 221, 251–2, 254, 284, 299, 304, 305–6, 338, 340, 342, 353, 366, 395–6, 397, 399; see also Wehrmacht High Command

assassination attempt (July 1944) (von Stauffenberg plot) 12, 13, 14, 29–35, 36, 43, 44, 46, 48–9, 53, 268, 387, 394, 396; effect of 379, 385, 388–9; public opinion on 31–3

in Berlin (Führer bunker) 243, 294, 336, 337, 339–40, 342, 345–7; his suicide in see suicide below

character/personal appearance 11–12, 20, 23, 24, 26, 27, 51, 206, 243, 244–6, 281, 286, 294–5, 308, 339–40, 346–7, 354, 396–7

his ‘charismatic rule’ 13–14, 25–7, 35, 52, 144–5, 151, 166, 243, 347, 398–9, 400

German allegiance to 11, 12, 13, 17–18, 20, 30–33, 51, 52, 71, 72–3, 150, 154–5, 192, 383–4; decline in 13–14, 18, 61, 65, 74, 101, 105, 122, 126–7, 150–51, 153, 154–5, 186, 191–2, 208, 212, 259, 260–61, 273–4, 291–2, 315, 317, 389–90; reaction to his death 349–50, 355

German resistance to 149

Mein Kampf 191–2

mental condition 165–6, 171, 399

negotiated peace, refusal to consider 281, 283, 387, 396–7

New Year speech (1945) 161–2

personal appearance see character/personal appearance above

in pre-war Germany 13

on Red Army atrocities 118

scorched earth decree (Nero Order) (March 1945) 290–91, 303, 309, 367; Speer’s opposition to 290–91, 303, 309

Speer mentions possible assassination of to Heinrici (April 1945) 309

strategic decisions 27, 28, 29, 39–40, 46, 48, 51, 55–6, 69–70, 76, 78, 94, 95–6, 118–19, 127–8, 130, 131–2, 133, 161–2, 165, 166, 169–71, 196–7, 210, 243, 252, 255–6, 285, 286, 289–90, 300, 308–9, 386–7

suicide (April 1945) 6, 11, 12, 118, 295, 339, 346, 356, 364; response to 348–55; Soviet suspicions of 372

his Testament (April 1945) 346, 351, 353, 354, 358

see also Nazi Party

Hitler Youth 3, 66, 73, 88, 89, 96, 103, 118, 185, 258, 280, 333

as soldiers 310–11, 320, 357, 394

Hodges, General Courtney 59

Hofer, Franz (Gauleiter of the Tirol) 317, 363, 364, 366

Hoffmann, Albert (Gauleiter of Westphalia-South) 319

Holland see Netherlands

Holz, Karl (Gauleiter of Franconia) 67–8, 319, 323

death in Nuremberg (April 1945) 319–20

Hoßbach, General Friedrich 27, 30, 34, 199, 200, 201–3

dismissal (January 1945) 203, 221

hospitals see medical services/supplies

Hübner, Lieutenant-General Rudolf 263

Hungarian Jews 123

Hungarian troops, in German Army 93

Hungary 93, 123, 170

Budapest 131, 252

Red Army invasion (1944) 131, 132, 151, 170, 252, 253, 284, 316

Hussein, Saddam 7

Hütten 335

industry 81, 82, 167

Allied bombing, effect on 79–80, 82, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140, 150, 235–6

armaments see armaments industry

coal for see coal supplies

collapse of 134, 135–7, 138–40, 164, 172, 244, 258, 287–8, 289

destruction/immobilization of, during German retreat 42, 80, 81, 82, 140–41, 286–7, 288, 289, 290–91; Hitler’s Nero Order on (March 1945) 290–91, 303, 309, 367

iron/steel production 136, 139, 254, 255, 287

raw materials for 80, 93, 94, 131, 135–6, 244

Rhine/Ruhr industrial area see Rhine/Ruhr . . .

Saar industrial area 58, 61, 65, 132, 136, 140, 141, 255

Silesian industrial area 167, 168, 172–3, 182, 187, 190, 195, 244, 252, 287

International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg (1945–6) 354

Iraq 7

iron/steel production 136, 139, 254, 255, 287

Italy 121, 206, 303

Bologna 267

administrative system 13, 398

Fascist Grand Council 398

German capitulation in (May 1945) 267, 285–6, 363, 396; Kesselring’s reaction to 364, 366

Kesselring in 303, 396

Rome, fall of (1944) 17

under Mussolini 7, 13, 47, 296, 364, 398

Wehrmacht in 165, 254, 256, 266–7, 284–5; see also German capitulation above

Wolff in 284–5, 292, 363

jails see state penitentiaries

Jena 297

jet-fighters 139, 269, 299

Jewish World Congress 336–7

Jews

anti-Jewish propaganda 123–4, 208

in concentration camps see concentration camps

on death marches see death marches

deportation of 208; see also concentration camps

in Dresden 237

Final Solution 23, 52, 119, 122–5, 172, 228, 229, 359, 382, 384, 391; German awareness of 123–4, 384; Himmler on 119, 128; Hitler on 122–3; Wannsee Conference on (January 1942) 359