Ian Kershaw - The End

Hungarian 123

numbers killed 123, 184, 185–6, 214, 230, 231–4, 328, 332–3, 335; deaths from disease 329–30

Polish 117, 123, 214

Red Army treatment of 394

see also racial enemies

Jodl, General Alfred (Wehrmacht Operations Staff head) 27, 44–5, 48, 50–51, 131–2, 165, 169, 170, 205, 264, 296, 304, 305

Ardennes offensive, planning of 129, 130, 133, 134

in Berlin (Führer bunker) 338, 339, 340

Dönitz as Reich President and 350, 360, 366

German surrender, signatory to 371

post-capitulation 377, 378

post-war interrogation 133

Jordan, Rudolf (Gauleiter of Magdeburg-Anhalt) 245

Junge, Traudl 118

justice system see legal system

Jüterbog 302

Jüttner, Hans 36

Kaiserslautern 255

Kaltenbrunner, Ernst 65–6, 227, 230, 285, 291, 316, 364

von Kardorff, Ursula 189, 226

Karlsruhe 299

Kehrl, Hans 135–6

Keitel, Field-Marshal Wilhelm 32, 38, 48, 69, 106, 141, 169, 205, 304, 305

Ardennes offensive and 131–2, 133, 135

arrest by Allies 377, 380

in Berlin (Führer bunker) 338, 339

Dönitz as Reich President and 350, 360, 366, 368

German surrender, signatory to 372

as OKW head 204, 218, 296, 360

post-war interrogation 355

Kersten, Felix 228, 283

Kesselring, Field-Marshal Albert 170, 285, 302

as C-in-C West 254, 255, 262–4, 296, 302–3, 363–4

Dönitz as Reich President and 368

Eisenhower, peace negotiations with 369

Hitler and 300, 303, 364

in Italy 303, 396; German surrender in, his reaction to 364, 366

Model and 304

post-war memoirs 303

Kiel 228

1918 naval mutiny 265

Klemperer, Victor 124–5

von Kluge, Field-Marshal Hans Günther 46, 48–9, 55–6

Koblenz 152, 254, 255

Koch, Erich (Gauleiter of East Prussia) 22, 88, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 111, 115, 176–7, 200, 214, 245

desertion from his post (April 1945) 319

Kolberg 250

Kolberg (propaganda film) 147–8, 250, 276

Kollontay, Alexandra Michailowna (Soviet emissary in Stockholm) 282

Konev, Marshal Ivan 168, 172–3, 176, 181, 301

Königsberg 103, 111, 169, 173, 174, 192, 199, 200, 250–51

concentration camp near 184

evacuation 177–8, 179, 203, 251

Red Army capture of 300–301, 304, 312–13

Köslin 250

Krampnitz, as OKW headquarters (April 1945) 339, 342

Krebs, General Hans 252, 306, 308

Krefeld 254

Kreipe, General Werner, Luftwaffe Chief of Staff 113, 166

Kritzinger, Friedrich Wilhelm 141

post-war interrogation 141, 393

Krupp works, Essen 139, 150, 235

Kurhessen 319

Küstrin 251, 252, 259

Kyllburg 66

Labour Front 51, 86, 89, 240, 279

Ley as head of 21, 89

labour supply 35–8, 40, 41, 65, 75, 96, 98, 101–2, 137, 139, 142, 143, 310

in armaments production 23, 24–5, 64, 69, 76–9, 81–3

forced labour 102, 143, 226

foreign see foreign workers

labour conscription 88–9, 103, 106

slave labour from concentration camps 82, 83, 229, 331

Speer on 25–6, 37, 38, 76–9

women workers 25, 75–6, 88, 89, 101, 104

working hours 76, 83

Lammers, Hans-Heinrich (Reich Chancellery head) 25, 38, 39, 40, 42, 162

in Berchtesgaden (March 1945) 340–41

Lammerz, Karl 138

Lasch, General Otto 200–301, 312–13

Lattre de Tassigny, General Jean, German surrender, signatory to 372

Latvia 94, 95, 368–9

Lauenburg 234

leadership concept/principle ( Menschenführung )

( Führerprinzip ) 144–5, 318, 351

Hitler’s charismatic rule 13–14, 25–7, 35, 52, 144–5, 151, 166, 243, 347, 398–9, 400

see also German Army, leadership; Wehrmacht High Command

legal system 207–8, 393

courts martial 205, 211, 219–20, 252, 328; summary (flying) ( Standgerichte ) 224–5, 243, 263, 326–7, 343, 360–61

Germany (post-capitulation) as a legal state 378

state penitentiaries 328, 391

see also police force

Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler 253, 284

Leiling, Lieutenant Ottoheinz 343

Leipzig 197

Leipzig, battle of (Battle of the Nations) (October 1813) 106

Ley, Robert (Labour Front head) 21, 51, 77, 86, 89, 152, 240, 279–80

Bormann and 89

character 89, 163–4, 240, 279

suicide (October 1945) 356

Liebel, Willi (Mayor of Nuremberg) 320

Liège 133

Limpert, Robert 3–5

Lindau 342

Lindemann, Colonel-General Georg, as C-in-C Norway 367

Linz, planned post-war rebuilding of 243, 244

Lithuania 93, 94

living conditions 5–6, 10, 25, 120–21, 193, 273–6, 277, 297, 320–21

in Berlin 189–91, 293, 294, 345

in concentration camps 233, 329–30; see also concentration camps

disease 125, 184

food/water supplies see food/water supplies

in labour camps 104

under Allied occupation 379–80

local militia see militia units

Löhr, Colonel-General Alexander 368, 369

London

German bombing raids 236

V2 attacks 153

looting

by German Army 212, 259, 315, 342

by liberated concentration camp inmates 330

from occupied countries 214

by Red Army 357

Lorraine 58–9, 61, 62, 66, 131, 136

Lötzen 173–4, 197, 198

4th Army retreat from 197–200, 201, 202

Lübeck 300

Ludendorff, Erich 258–9

Ludwigshafen 355

Luftwaffe 20, 60, 79, 110, 205, 301, 303

armaments for 44

aviation fuel for 135

Britain, bombing of 236

Göring as C-in-C 20, 39, 44, 48, 150, 160, 163, 169, 205, 306, 308, 342; dismissal (April 1945) 340, 342, 353, 399

as ineffective 60, 61, 79, 90, 121, 132, 150, 160, 163, 165, 236, 247, 265, 269, 399

Kreipe as Chief of Staff 113, 166

transfers from, to Wehrmacht 206, 308

Lüneberg 366

Luxemburg 56, 65–6, 136

Lyons 56

Magdeburg 297

Maier, Domprediger Johann 343

Main river 299

Mainz 255

Majdanek concentration camp 123

Malmédy 156

Mannheim 152, 255

von Manteuffel, General Hasso 132, 133, 155, 156, 159–60, 301

Marseilles 56

Mauthausen concentration camp 330

Mecklenburg 366, 367

medical services/supplies 275

Memel (Baltic Sea port) 95, 107, 108, 110, 151

Menschenführung see leadership principle

Messerschmitt 262 jet-fighter 139

Metz 131

Meuse river 133, 156, 160

Meyer, Ernst 3–4

Meyer-Detring, Colonel Wilhelm 373–4

military police ( Geheime Feldpolizei ) 68, 69, 113, 211, 218, 262–3

see also police force

militia units 85–6, 151

see also Volkssturm

Mittelbau concentration camp see Dora-Mittelbau

Model, Field-Marshal Walter 28, 49, 56, 59, 60, 69, 122

as Army Group B C-in-C 132–3, 135, 151, 156, 157, 160, 161, 253–4, 263, 297, 303–5, 314; his dissolution of (April 1945) 314; Speer and 290–91

Kesselring and 304

penal institutions, action against inmates 328

suicide (April 1945) 305

Mons 59

Montgomery, Field-Marshal Bernard 58, 255, 359, 361

Eisenhower and 388

German peace negotiations with 366–7, 369

morale

civilian 3–5, 6, 18, 24, 25, 60–62, 65, 98–100, 104–5, 115, 121, 124, 125–7, 148–52, 186–94, 206, 207–8, 209, 210, 239–40, 258–60, 261, 273–6, 356–8, 390; in Berlin 212–13, 258, 293–4, 344–5; post-capitulation 379–81; see also public opinion

in German Army 20, 47–9, 60, 61, 66–72, 100–101, 105, 119–21, 125–7, 140, 151–5, 157, 159, 194–6, 206, 207, 210–11, 214, 256–8, 260–66, 270–71, 283, 310–15, 320, 394