Ian Kershaw: The End

prisoners of war 107, 109

Allied 160, 243; American 156; German murder of 156

Geneva Convention on 259

German, in Allied hands 32, 56, 70, 71, 154, 160, 196, 211, 226, 255, 260–61, 267–9, 270, 306, 315, 369; in Australia 306; in Soviet hands 94, 252, 368, 369, 371; from Army Group Centre 375; deaths among 375

in Germany 18, 83, 104, 125, 143, 237, 238, 254, 381–2

propaganda 7, 9–10, 20, 23, 24, 31, 61, 72, 105, 106, 121, 140, 142, 157, 159, 186, 187, 212, 242, 259, 279–80, 318, 345, 390

anti-American/British 238–9, 257, 279–80

anti-Bolshevik 98, 187, 195, 223–4, 313, 356, 394

anti-Jewish 123–4, 208

as counter-productive 115–17, 208, 209, 213, 222–3, 256–7

on Dresden bombing 238–9

Kolberg (propaganda film) 147–8, 250, 276

loyalty rallies 31

on Red Army atrocities 112–17, 118, 120

Special Action of the Party Chancellery speakers 256–8

in support of Nazi Party 258

verbal 222–3, 256–8

see also Soviet propaganda

Prussia see East Prussia

public opinion 18, 20, 99, 106–7

on von Stauffenberg assassination plot 31–3

see also Hitler, German allegiance to; morale

von Pückler-Burghaus, SS-Gruppenführer Carl Graf 370

racial enemies concept 9–10, 184, 208

‘inferiors’ 208, 226

see also Jews

Rahn, Rudolf (German ambassador to Italy) 364, 366

railways 22, 63, 64, 65, 66, 76, 102, 103, 135, 139, 151, 152, 173, 177–8, 184, 211, 213, 239, 275, 299

Allied bombing, effect on 79, 82, 136, 137, 140, 143

see also transport

Rastenburg see Wolf’s Lair

Ratibor 252

Ravensbrück concentration camp (for women) 330, 334, 336

raw materials, supplies of 80, 93, 94, 131, 244

distribution 135–6

see also coal supplies; iron/steel production

Red Army

American Army, meeting up with (April 1945) 339

in Austria 301, 316

Berlin, advance on 168, 173, 174, 175, 250, 253, 293, 294, 300–302, 308, 315–21, 324; encirclement of 337–47

in Bohemia (Czechoslovakia) 370, 373–4

drunkenness among 189

German civilians’ fear of 11, 12, 18, 91, 98–100, 105, 107, 108, 112–14, 117–18, 119, 120–22, 164–5, 177–84, 223–4, 270, 271, 273, 313, 324, 245, 349, 355, 356–8, 394, 395

German civilians, treatment of 176–86; labour camps, deportation to 181

Germany, offensive against (Summer 1944) 17, 24, 27, 28, 32, 33, 46, 49, 75, 92–6, 102

Germany, invasion of (October 1944–on) 17, 110–22, 123, 131, 132, 165–6, 167–206, 219, 247, 250–53, 259, 393–4; aims/objectives 168; Guderian on 110; maps of 175 , 248 , 249 ; troop numbers 168, 169; see also Berlin, advance on above

Hitler on 118

Hungary, invasion of (1944) 131, 132, 151, 170, 284, 316

looting by 357

Poland, advance into (1944) 15, 112, 167, 169, 171, 174, 176

Polish troops in 174

strategic planning 388

superiority of 168, 170–71

troop numbers 168, 169, 301

see also Soviet Union

Red Army atrocities 98, 180–81, 188, 357–8, 370, 394

at Nemmersdorf 110, 111, 112–14, 176, 394; Nazi propaganda based on 114–17, 120, 122

Hitler on 118

Jews, treatment of 394

Nazi propaganda on 112–17, 118, 120

Red Cross see German Red Cross; Swedish Red Cross

refugees see evacuation, of civilian population

Regensburg 342–3

Das Reich (newspaper) 239

Reich Chancellery 25, 38, 39, 40, 42, 162

Allied bombing (February 1945) 242

building 24, 295

Führer bunker see Hitler, Adolf, in Berlin

Reich Iron Federation 136

Reich Labour Service 71

Reich Press Office/News Agency 115

Reichsbahn 138, 140

see also transport

Reichsverteidigungskommissare (Reich Defence Commissars) (RVKs) 22, 41–2, 43, 52, 76, 88, 89, 101, 102, 103, 225–6, 290–91

Reinecke, General Hermann 46–7

as head of army NSFOs 68

Reinefarth, SS-Brigadeführer Heinz 251, 252

Reinhardt, Colonel-General Georg-Hans 33, 111, 114, 119

on eastern front 168, 171, 196–200, 202; dismissal (January 1945) 200, 202, 221, 310

Guderian and 197, 198, 199, 200, 205

Hitler and 196–8, 200; on his death 349

religion

Christian beliefs 72

Nazi Party attitude to 21

Nazi Party, Christian attitudes to 381

Remagen 254, 263, 278

Renduli´c, Colonel-General Lothar 202–3, 251, 263, 368

surrender 369, 370

Replacement Army 23, 25–6, 29–30, 35, 82, 84–5, 206

Himmler as C-in-C 35–8, 40, 353, 396

see also German Army

resistance movement, in Germany 149, 387

see also Stauffenberg, plot to assassinate Hitler

Rhine river

Allied crossing of 253, 254, 255, 256, 260, 266, 268–9, 270, 271, 281–2, 297

German defence 288–9

Rhine/Ruhr industrial area 58, 81, 131, 136, 138, 139, 141, 149, 150, 222, 254, 255, 262, 287, 328

Allied bombing 235

Red Army capture of 305

von Ribbentrop, Joachim 90, 163, 358

Allies, his attempts to negotiate with 280–81, 282–3, 291

as Foreign Minister 20, 150, 163

Goebbels on 243–4, 282

Dönitz as Reich President and 361–2

von Richthofen Lieutenant Freiherr 53

Riga, German retreat from (October 1944) 95

Ritter von Greim, Colonel-General Robert 205

Röchling, Hermann 136

Roer river 131

Rohland, Walther 136, 149, 290, 304

Rokossovsky, Marshal Konstantin 169, 173, 183, 301

Romania 62, 93–4, 100

Rome, fall of (1944) 17

Rooks, Major-General Lowell W. 378

Röttiger, Hans 366

Ruckdeschel, Ludwig 322, 323

as Gauleiter of Bayreuth 342–3

Rügen 179

Ruhr see Rhine/Ruhr industrial area

von Rundstedt, Field-Marshal Gerd 28, 32, 49, 59, 130

as C-in-C West 69, 70, 130, 132–3, 160, 170, 263; dismissal (March 1945) 254

Russia see Soviet Union

Russian Army see Red Army

Russian revolution 7

RVKs see Reichsverteidigungs-kommissare (Reich Defence Commissars)

Saar industrial area 58, 61, 65, 132, 136, 140, 141, 255

Sachsenhausen concentration camp 328, 330, 332, 333, 337

von Salisch, SS-Standardtenführer Carl 217

Sauckel, Fritz 83

Saur, Karl Otto 43, 83, 135, 137–8, 141, 160, 292, 346, 352

Saxony 125, 297

Scandinavia 256, 283, 361

see also Denmark; Finland; Sweden

Schellenberg, SS-Brigadeführer Walter 283, 284

Schepmann, Wilhelm (SA head) 85–6

von Schirach, Baldur

as Gauleiter of Vienna 317

as Hitler Youth Leader 118, 317

Schleswig-Holstein 361, 366–7

Schneidemühl 218–19

Schörner, Colonel-General (later Field-Marshal) Ferdinand 50, 51, 95, 221, 305, 395

on army deserters 219

as Army Group A (subsequently Army Group Centre) C-in-C 252, 301, 353, 368, 369–71; post-capitulation 373–5

as Army Group North C-in-C 94–5, 219, 259

brutality accusations against 374, 395

on disaffected army officers 221, 263

on Hitler’s suicide 348–9

imprisonment/trial in West Germany 203, 374

Soviet Union, captivity in 374

Schulz, General Friedrich 299, 305, 316

Schulze-Fielitz, Günther 137

Schutszstaffel (Protection Squad) see SS

Das Schwarze Korps (SS newspaper) 210

Schweinfurt ball bearing works 291

von Schweppenburg, General Geyr 28

von Schwerin, General Gerd Graf 63

Schwerin von Krosigk, Lutz Graf (Finance Minister) 241–2, 278, 360

Berlin, evacuation from 341