Ian Kershaw - Hitler. 1936-1945 - Nemesis

Shanghai 146

Shirer, William 8, 78, 107, 113–14, 117, 118,

189, 221, 222, 239–40, 303

Siberia 462, 470–71, 477, 520, 703, 793

Sicherheitsdienst see SD

Sicily 581, 586, 587, 592, 593, 600; evacuation of 595, 599 ‘sickle cut’ plan 291, 295

Silesia 239, 305, 436, 758, 759, 762, 782

Simpson, Mrs Wallis (later Duchess of Windsor) 24

Sinclair, Sir Archibald 371

Singapore 293, 326, 363, 364, 456, 504

Skoda works, Czechoslovaklia 165

Skorzeny, Sturmbannführer Otto 602, 689,

734, 735, 736–7, 738

Slavs, hostility towards 173

Slovakia 164, 166, 167, 168–9, 177, 350, 724;

joins the Tripartite Pact 361

Smolensk 394, 399, 408, 409, 661

Sobibor extermination camp 484, 493, 520, 603

Social Democrats see SPD (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands)

social-Darwinism 19, 208, 256, 405, 615, 636

socialism: admiration of H xxxix; powerlessness xxxvi

SOE see Special Operations Executive Soldau, East Prussia 484

‘Sonderkommando Lange’ 261

Sonderkommandos (‘special forces’) 382

Sonnenstein asylum 261

‘Sopade’ 201, 240; and the ‘Crystal Night’ 142;

‘Germany Report’ xxi

South America 25

South Tyrol 98–9, 664

South Tyroleans 267

Soviet air-force 343

Soviet army see Red Army Soviet radio 724

Soviet Union: admitted to the League of Nations 13; attack on (1941) 241, 252, 281; the ‘Blue’ offensive 514–15, 523; counter-offensive (December 1941) 452; decreasing number of captured Soviet prisoners 527–8; deportation of Volga Germans 477–8, 480; economic agreement with Germany (January 1941) 343; economic difficulties 195; ‘ethnic cleansing’ 355; Finland signs an armistice 724; Five-Year Plan 23; food supplies 518; foreign policy aims 276; Friendship Treaty with Yugoslavia 365; genocidal actions in (1941) 248, 249; German delay in attacking 368; and German eastern expansion xlvi, 449; German-Soviet Treaty of Friendship (23 September 1939) 238; Göring’s policy 406; Guderian favours a retreat 454; H stresses Russian strength 43; Himmler’s policy 406; H’s opinion of Slavs 400–401; H’s reasons for deciding to attack 335–6; H’s view 12–13; H’s vision for 400–405; H’s war directive (18 December 1940) 335, 341; invades Poland from the east 236; and Japan 13; Jewish influence 489–90; the Katyn case 583; labour camps 480, 481–2; massacre of Jews 463–4, 477; militarily weak 285–6; mutual assistance agreement with Britain (1941) 457; non-aggression pact with Germany (1939) 205, 206, 210–11, 212, 228, 236, 238, 285, 292, 326, 385; ‘Northern Lights’ offensive 531; oil supplies 514, 517, 528, 529, 530, 536, 537; and Poland 192, 194, 204; preoccupied with internal upheavals 95, 286; reports of starvation and cannibalism 509; the retreat from the Caucasus begins 545; Russian prisoners-of-war gassed in Auschwitz 383; Soviet offensive begins (19 November 1942) 543; Soviet-Japanese neutrality pact 364; talks in Moscow (1939) 204–5; trade talks (1939) 196; trade treaty with Germany 205; treaty with Czechoslovakia 95; winter crisis of the German army 439–42, 447, 450–56, 490, 499, 516

Spaatz, General Carl 836

Spain: and the Axis 327, 329, 330, 348; Popular Front 13; reprisals for bombing of the Deutschland 43–4; Spanish Right 13–14

Spandau prison 377, 837

Spanish Civil War 9, 13–17, 23, 71; Guernica 24–5; H and 4, 13–17; Mussolini and 14

Spanish Morocco 14, 16

SPD (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands) xl, xlii, 173, 184, 754

‘Special Commission, 20 July’ 690

Special Operations Executive (SOE) 518, 519

Speer, Albert 19, 32, 150, 350, 559, 571, 611, 612, 613, 696, 773, 774–5, 791, 798, 799, 834; Armaments Minister 504, 519, 554, 563, 567, 635, 706, 711–12, 823; and the atomic bomb 731; the Berlin Olympics 6; blames Goebbels for the ‘excesses’ 149; and Citadel 580; and the Committee of Three 568–9, 569–70; court favourite 183, 199, 227, 503; driving ambition 503, 504; Goebbels reproaches over FHQ security 678; H’s reaction to Heé’s flight 371; knee operation 633; life after prison 837; memorandum of 15 March 1945 784–5; Messerschmitt production 621; New Reich Chancellery 167; organizational talent 503; the Paris visit 299, 300; position weakens 715; the rebuilding of Berlin 35, 366; relations with H 35, 105, 503–4; his return to the Berghof ‘family’ 634; taste in architecture 35; unable to break free from H 806; and the uprising (1944) 679

Speidel, Major-General Hans 660

Spengler, Oswald: Decline of the West xlii

Sperrle, Field-Marshal Hugo 70, 503, 649

Sponeck, Hans Graf von 455

SS (Schutszstaffel; Protection Squad) 313, 314, 358, 625; arbitrary police lawlessness 692; armed wing 129; attempts to deport Poles from the Lublin area 589; and Auschwitz-Birkenau 767–8; conflict with the Wehrmacht 465; deportations by 318–19; determined to be masters of Germany and Europe 129; and ‘euthanasia action’ 261; and filmed executions 693; and the ‘Final Solution’ 604; frees Mussolini 602; and H’s personal security 660, 769; and Hungarian Jews 736; involvement in the ‘Jewish Question’ 86, 139; Kube and 406–7; legacy of the Blomberg-Fritsch affair 94; Lohse and 406; massacres of Ukrainian Jews 668; mission of 130; motto 819; Poland seen as an experimental playground 235; and a potential German attack on Poland 179; and power 64, 234; relations with the army 247, 248; reprisals for Heydrich’s assassination 519; transfer of responsibility for Jewish forced emigration 147; and the Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz 242; and the Volkstumskampf 243

SS-Division ‘Berlin’ 798

Staaken aerodrome 801

Stalin, Joseph xvii, 194, 276, 328, 336, 386, 422, 470, 518, 527, 612, 728, 729, 730, 782, 788; and ‘Barbarossa’ 412, 416; and Bolshevism 285, 292; deportation of Volga Germans 477–8; destroys own officer corps 308; H admires his brutality 401, 772; and the Heé affair 379–80; invades Poland from the east 236; involvement in military affairs 453; Jewish influence 490; military incompetence 394; mutual distrust of H 331; non-aggression pact with Germany 205, 210–11; opposes a Polish rump state 238; partisan war 395; and Poland 195, 196; pressure on the Balkan states 305; purges 286, 688, 699; show-trials 689; speech to the Communist Party Congress (March 1939) 195; at Yalta 761, 778

Stalingrad 416, 435, 438, 497, 528–31, 533, 563, 578, 579, 619, 625, 647, 659, 663, 723, 752; the 6th Army is completely encircled 543; attempt to break the siege fails 545; battle for 534–8, 540, 544–50; H blames Germany’s allies 553–4; reaction to the fate of the 6th Army 551–2, 556–7

Stalino 532

Stauffenberg, Berthold 683, 690

Stauffenberg, Colonel Claus Schenk Graf von 651, 653, 655, 656, 657, 660, 664, 667–73, 675, 677, 681, 682, 683, 688, 689, 691, 695, 698, 699, 702, 705, 706, 715, 727

Steinau river 759

Steiner, SS-Obergruppenführer Felix 793, 802, 803, 814, 817, 818

‘Sterilization Law’ 256 sterilization programmes 234, 255, 259

Stettin 261, 290, 319

Stevens, Major R.H. 271

Steyr 160

Stieff, Major-General Hellmuth 661, 665, 669, 670, 671, 690, 692

Stockholm 816

Stoétrupp Hitler 138, 140, 149

Straits of Messina 599

Straits of Kerch 600

Straits of Sicily 585

Stralsund 261

Strang, William no Strasbourg 745

Strasser, Gregor 372, 373, 648, 755

Strasser, Otto 271

Straué, Adolf 455

Straué, Johann 634

Strauss, Richard 455; the Berlin Olympics 6;

Friedenstag 197; ‘Olympic Hymn’ 6

Streicher, Julius 200, 320, 374, 837; the Nazi Party’s Jew-baiter-in-chief 132 ‘Strength Through Joy’ xl, 350