Robert Service - Lenin - A Biography

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 1

Nikolaev, Ivan, 1

Nizhni Novgorod, 1, 2

Nobel oil company, 1

North Vietnam, 1

Northern Congress of Soviets (1917), 1

Noske, Gustav, 1

Noskov, Vladimir A., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Nowy Targ (Poland), 1

Obukh, Professor Vladimir A., 1

October revolution (1917): and Leninist ideology, 1; disputes over, 2; L plans, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; success, 8; L proclaims achievements of, 9; and economic policy, 10

Octobrists, 1

Okhrana (secret police): apprehends Alexander Ulyanov, 1; in Chekhov story, 2; follows L to St Petersburg (1895), 3; detains L, 4; arrests Yakubova and Krupskaya, 5; surveillance of L abroad, 6, 7; and L’s nom-de-plume, 8; L safe from in London, 9; warns Belgian police, 10; activities in Russian Empire, 11, 12, 13; L believes free from, 14; and L in Finland, 15; uses Bolshevik agents, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21; and emigrants, 22; arrests Central Committee members, 23; arrests Inessa Armand, 24; arrests Bolsheviks in war, 25; crushes strikes, 26; and Piłsudski, 27

Old Believers, 1, 1

one-party state, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Order of Lenin, 1

Ordzhonikidze, Sergo: in Russian

Organisational Commission, 1; admires L, 2; organises Prague Conference, 3; proposes reform of Bolshevik leadership, 4; on armed demonstration (1917), 5; attacks Georgian leaders, 6, 7, 8; and L’s political testament, 9, 10

Orest, Father, 1

Orgburo (Organisational Bureau of Central Committee), 1

Orthodox Church: dominance, 1; repressed, 2, 3

Osinski, Nikolai, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Osipanov, Vasili S., 1

Osipov, G.I., 1

Osipov, Professor Viktor, 1, 2, 3

Ottoman Empire see Turkey

Otzovists (‘Recallists’), 1, 2

Pakaln, Pëtr, 1, 2, 3

Pankhurst, Sylvia, 1

Pannekoek, Antonie, 1

Paris: L visits, 1; L lives in, 2, 3, 4, 5; Party Central Committee meets in (1911), 6

Paris Commune (1871), 1, 2

Party of Constitutional Democrats (Kadets): and 2nd Congress of Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, 1; formed, 2; at 5th Party Congress, 3; status in Provisional Government, 4, 5, 6, 7; and L’s plans for revolution, 8; L ignores, 9; repressed by Bolsheviks, 10; supports grain-trade monopoly, 11

Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries: formed (1901), 1; land and peasant policy, 2, 3; works to undermine established regime, 4; and L’s return to Russia, 5; supports Provisional Government, 6, 7; Bolsheviks oppose, 8; L repudiates, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13; apprehension over Bolshevik demonstration, 14, 15; decline, 16; strength in soviets, 17; and October Revolution, 18; forms separate party, 19; demands broader socialist coalition, 20; and Constituent Assembly elections, 21; and suppression of Constituent Assembly, 22; repressed by Bolsheviks, 23, 24, 25, 26; supports grain-trade monopoly, 27; and L’s socialism, 28; forms alternative administration, 29; in Civil War, 30, 31; treated as counterrevolutionaries, 32; advocates NEP, 33; accused of instigating Kronstadt mutiny, 34

Parviainen, Pekka, 1

peasants: emancipated (1861), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; life-style and conditions, 7, 8, 9, 10; resist revolutionary ideas, 11; L’s attitude to, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24; attitude to land-ownership and reform, 25; behaviour at Alakaevka, 26; class divisions, 27; in revolutionary thinking, 28; suffer from famine, 29; and capitalism, 30; L writes on, 31; taxed, 32; in L’s economic theories, 33; transfer of lands to, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39; act against landlords, 40; farming methods, 41; resist land nationalisation, 42; and Chernov’s land policy, 43; seize land, 44; in Constituent Assembly elections, 45; desert from army, 46; and state grain-trade monopoly, 47, 48, 49, 50; resent committees of the village poor, 51; in Ukraine, 52; L considers rewards for production increases, 53; and tax-in-kind on grain, 54, 55; uprisings, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60; L advocates hardship under NEP, 61; allowed private trade in grain, 62, 63; suppressed by Red Army, 64; L wishes to join co-operatives, 65; see also kulaki

Peel, Sir Robert, 1

Penza, 1

People’s Freedom (movement), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

People’s Will (organisation), 1, 2

Perm: in Civil War, 1, 2

Persiyanov, Vyacheslav, 1

Peter I (the Great), Tsar, 1, 2, 3

Petrograd see St Petersburg

Piłsudski, Josef, 1, 2, 3

Pipes, Richard, 1

Pisarev, Dmitri, 1, 2

Platten, Fritz, 1, 2

Plekhanov, Georgi Valentinovich: influence on L, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; revolutionary ideas, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; attitude to peasants, 12; Marx and Engels dismiss, 13; L meets in Switzerland, 14, 15; economic ideas, 16; and Liberation of Labour Group, 17; L resents dominance, 18; on editorial board of Iskra , 19, 20; relations with L, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26; letters from L, 27; advocates Marxism, 28; and L’s What Is to Be Done? , 29; drafts programme for 2nd Congress of Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, 30, 31; at Second Party Congress, 32; declines to attend Third Party Congress, 33; criticises L’s revolutionary strategy, 34; supports Russian war effort, 35; L attacks in Lausanne, 36; on patriotism of socialists, 37; Our Disagreements , 38

Pleve, Vyacheslav K.: assassinated, 1

Podolsk, 1, 2, 3

Podvoiski, Nikolai, 1, 2

Poland: revolts against Russian Empire, 1; threat to tsarism, 2; and outbreak of First World War, 3; in German peace demands, 4, 5; war with and defeat of USSR (1920), 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12; Soviet peace treaty with (1921), 13

Poletaev, Nikolai G., 1

Politburo (Political Bureau of Central Committee): formed, 1; authority, 2; and Civil War, 3, 4; L chairs, 5, 6, 7; attacked by factions, 8; approves introduction of NEP, 9; L confides ill-health to, 10; and international agreements, 11; and L’s death, 12; orders embalming of L’s body, 13

Politiken (Swedish newspaper), 1

Por, Adolf, 1

Poronin (Poland), 1, 2

Postnikov, Vladimir E., 1

Potapov, N.G., 1

Potresov, Alexander, 1, 2, 3

Prague: 1912 Party conference in, 1

Pravda (newspaper): Bolshevik Centre offers funding for, 1; first issue (1912), 2; L consults with board, 3; L writes for, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; Stalin edits, 9; Okhrana encourages to violence, 10; closed down by Imperial government, 11; L studies in Finland, 12; revolutionary policy, 13; Maria Ilinichna works for, 14, 15; carries no cartoons of L in 1917, 16; circulation, 17; offices raided, 18; and L’s terror policy, 19; Bukharin edits, 20; publicises L, 21; article supporting economic reform, 22; prints L’s articles on Kronstadt mutiny, 23; on Lenin and NEP, 24; carries portrait of L, 25

Preobrazhenski, Alexander, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Preobrazhenski, Yevgeni, 1, 2

press: freedom restricted under L, 1, 2

Prokopovich, Sergei N., 1

Proletari (newspaper), 1, 2, 3, 4

Provisional Government (Russia): L opposes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; programme and policies, 9, 10; L claims to be imperialist, 11; challenged by Bolsheviks, 12; and Bolshevik 1917 armed demonstration, 13, 14; and Bolshevik October Revolution, 15, 16

Prushakevich, Vera, 1

Pskov, 1, 2, 3, 4

Pugachëv, Yemelyan, 1

Pulkovo Heights, battle of (1917), 1

Pushkin, Alexander, 1, 2

Pyatakov, Georgi, 1, 2

Rabinowitch, Alexander, 1

Rabotnik (journal), 1

Radchenko, Stepan, 1, 2, 3, 4

Radek, Karl: writes on imperialism, 1; L’s discussions with, 2; on ‘sealed train’ with L, 3; stays in Stockholm, 4, 5; improves L’s dress, 6; opposes L’s plan for separate peace, 7; at 3rd Comintern Congress, 8; L castigates for promising leniency, 9; L abuses, 10

Rahja, Eino, 1, 2, 3

Rapallo, Treaty of (1922), 1

Rappoport, Charles, 1

Ravich, Olga (Safarov’s wife), 1