Елена Кириллова - Пособие по теории и практике перевода

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стоящий в конце английского слова элемент

1) -tion /sionсоответствует –ция/сияв русском языке (depression – депрессия);

2) -tureсоответствует -турав русском языке (structure – структурa);

3) – logyсоответствует -логияв русском языке (toxicology – токсикология);

4) -icsсоответствует -каили -ияв русском языке ( pedagogics – педагогика);

5) -isне следует произносить, и в этом случае останется основа слова, знакомая вам в русском языке (scleros-is – склероз).

Задание 1.

Переведите слова-интернационализмы без словаря, обращая внимание на словообразовательные элементы.

a) -tionfederation, infection, amputation, operation, publications, rehabilitation, adaptation, proportion, function, dysfunction, position, classification, consultation;

b) -turemusculature, contracture, structure, temperature;

c) -gy (-y)neurology, ophthalmology, endocrinology, pharmacology, toxicology, gastroenterology, traumatology, pathology, physiology, dermatology, cardiology, rheumatology, hematology, endocrinology, immunology, oncology, pulmonology, otolaryngology, etiology, urology, gynecology, dermatology, neuropsychology, allergy, psychiatry;

d) -icsgenetics, paediatrics, orthopedics;

e) -ispsoriasis, thrombosis, diagnosis, necrosis, sclerosis, dermatitis, meningitis, pyelonephritis, pericarditis, appendicitis, cholecystitis

Задание 2.

Переведите слова, не пользуясь словарем.

interest, athlete, Olympic, record, medal, discipline, professionals, micro-organisms, diagnose, appetite, stress, balance, syndrome, symptom, gangrene, trauma, atrophy, dystrophy, organism, spasm, doping, equivalent, intellectual, adaptive, person, medical, medicine, categories, to demonstrate, to control

Задание 3.

Переведите словосочетания, не пользуясь словарем.

anti-doping culture, ethical principles, specific symptoms, preventive anti-doping programs, a central role, special functions, positive and negative effects, social phenomenon, catastrophic reactions, immune system, muscular dystrophy, chronic hypoxia, venous thrombosis, alcohol intoxication

Задание 4.

Переведите словосочетания без словаря, догадываясь о значении незнакомых слов по корневой основе.

International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability; external and internal factors; an abnormal condition of an organism; isolated symptoms; atypical variations of structure and function; Conference on Doping; the initiative of the IOC; doping in sport; normal functioning; biological, social, and psychological factors; internal dysfunctions; pathogenic microbial agents, viruses and bacteria

Задание 5.

Переведите названия болезней, не пользуясь словарем.

Paralysis, Amputation, Multiple sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Cataract, Multiple sclerosis, Cystic fibrosis, Tuberculosis, Diabetes, Hypoglycemia, Schizophrenia, Neurosis, Dyslexia, Down syndrome, Hyperactivity, Autism, Depression, Osteopenia, Appendicitis, Syphilis, Psoriasis, Glaucoma, Lymphocytosis, Phobia

Задание 6.

Выпишите из текста и переведите на русский язык слова- интернационализмы. Переведите текст письменно со словарем.

DISEASE

A disease or medical problem is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions, associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, such as invading organisms, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases.

In human beings, "disease" is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes extreme pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, and/or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. In this broader sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes, infections, isolated symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories.

Задание 7.

Выпишите из текста и переведите на русский язык слова- интернационализмы. Переведите текст письменно со словарем.

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

A disease of the muscular system characterized by weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the body. The disease is progressive and remission does not occur. The rate of progression is different for each set of muscles.

TYPES OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

Duchenne:Occurs primarily in males and presents itself between the ages of 3 and 7 years. This type of muscular dystrophy is most common and most severe. This type affects the pelvic girdle and then moves to the shoulder girdle.

Facioscapularhumeral:The most common form of muscular dystrophy in adults. This type affects both genders equally. Appears in adolescence but is not usually diagnosed until adulthood. Characterized by progressive weakness of the shoulder muscles and weakness of the face muscles. Life span for individuals with this type is normal.

Limb-Girdle:Occurs anytime from age 10 and on. Both genders are equally affected. Early symptoms include difficulty in raising the arms above shoulder level or difficulty in climbing stairs. Initially muscle weakness is either in the shoulder girdle muscles or the hip and thigh muscles.

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Duchenne – дюшенна

Facioscapularhumeral – плече-лопаточно-лицевая

Limb-Girdle – тазова-плечевая

Cлова-интернационализмы часто могут не только помогать, но и мешать правильному переводу. Недаром их называют «ложными друзьями», так как в силу своего сходства по звучанию и написанию с хорошо знакомыми переводчику словами направляют его по ложному пути. Переводчик невольно вспоминает этимологически тождественное русское слово и упускает из виду, что его значение и употребление часто не совпадают с английским.

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