Alphonse Candolle - Origin of Cultivated Plants

M. Sagot, Bull. de la Soc. Bot. de France , 1871, p. 306, has well described the growth and cultivation of yams, as he has studied them in Cayenne.

Kunth, Enumeratio , vol. v.

These are D. globosa , alata , rubella , fasciculata , purpurea , of which two or three appear to be merely varieties.

Piddington, Index .

Thwaites, Enum. Plant. Zeyl. , p. 326.

Decaisne, Histoire et Culture de l’Igname de Chine , in the Revue Horticole , 1st July and Dec. 1853; Flore des Serres et Jardins , x. pl. 971.

On the Study and Value , etc., p. 12.

Franchet and Savatier, Enum. Plant. Japoniæ , ii. p. 47.

Blume, Enum. Plant. Javæ , p. 22.

Forster, Plant. Esculent. , p. 56; Rumphius, Amboin , vol. v., pl. 120, 121, etc.

Hughes, Hist. Nat. Barb. , 1750, p. 226.

Humboldt, Nouvelle Espagne , 2nd edit., vol. ii. p. 468.

Ibid. , p. 403.

Hænke, in Presl, Rel. , p. 133.

Martius, Fl. Bras. , v. p. 43.

Sagot, Bull. Soc. Bot. France , 1871, p. 305.

Hooker, Fl. Nigrit , p. 53.

Schumacher and Thonning, Besk. Guin , p. 447.

Brown, Congo , p. 49.

Bojer, Hortus Mauritianus .

See Tussac’s description, Flore des Antilles , i. p. 183.

Hooker, Niger Flora , p. 531.

Sloane, Jamaica , 1707, vol. i. p. 254.

In Bull. Soc. des Natur. de Moscou , 1822, vol. i. p. 34.

Aublet, Guyane , i. p. 3.

Meyer, Flora Essequibo , p. 11.

Seemann, Bot. of Herald. , p. 213.

Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. , i. p. 31; Porter, The Tropical Agriculturalist p. 241; Ainslie, Materia Medica , i. p. 19.

Fries, Summa , p. 29; Nylander, Conspectus , p. 46; Bentham, Handb. Brit. Fl. , edit. 4, p. 40; Mackay, Fl. Hibern. , p. 28; Brebisson, Fl. de Normandie , edit. 2, p. 18; Babbington, Primitiæ Fl. Sarnicæ , p. 8; Clavaud, Flore de la Gironde , i. p. 68.

Bertoloni, Fl. Ital. , vii. p. 146; Nylander, Conspectus .

Ledebour, Fl. Ross. ; Griesbach, Spiciligium Fl. Rumel. ; Boissier, Flora Orientalis , etc.

Watson, who is careful on these points, doubts whether the cabbage is indigenous in England ( Compendium of the Cybele , p. 103), but most authors of British floras admit it to be so.

Br. balearica and Br. cretica are perennial, almost woody, not biennial; and botanists are agreed in separating them from Br. oleracea .

Aug. Pyr. de Candolle has published a paper on the divisions and subdivisions of Br. oleracea ( Transactions of the Hort. Soc. , vol. v., translated into German and in French in the Bibl. Univ. Agric. , vol. viii.), which is often quoted.

Alph. de Candolle, Géogr. Bot. Raisonnée , p. 839.

Ad. Pictet, Les Origines Indo-Européennes , edit. 2, vol. i. p. 380.

Brandza, Prodr. Fl. Romane , p. 122.

De Charencey, Recherches sur les Noms Basques , in Actes de la Société Philologique , 1st March, 1869.

Ad. Pictet, Les Origines Indo-Européennes , edit. 2, vol. i. p. 380.

Fick, Vörterb. d. Indo-Germ. Sprachen , p. 3-4.

Piddington, Index ; Ainslie, Mat. Med. Ind.

Rosenmüller, Bibl. Alterth. , mentions no name.

See Fraas, Syn. Fl. Class. , pp. 120,124; Lenz, Bot. der Alten , p. 617.

Sibthorp, Prodr. Fl. Græc. , ii. p. 6; Heldreich, Nutzpfl. Griechenl. , p. 47.

Ainslie, Mat. Med. Ind. , i. p. 95.

Heldreich, Nutz. Gr.

Piddington, Index ; Ainslie, Mat. Med. Ind. , i. p. 95.

Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. , i. p. 160.

Boissier, Fl. Orient , vol. i.

De Candolle, Syst. , ii. p. 533.

Sibthorp and Smith, Prodr. Fl. Græcæ , ii. p. 6.

Poech, Enum. Pl. Cypri , 1842.

Unger and Kotschy, Inseln Cypern. , p. 331.

Ledebour, Fl. Ross. , i. p. 203.

Lindemann, Index Plant. in Ross. , Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1860, vol. xxxiii.

Lindemann, Prodr. Fl. Cherson , p. 21.

Nyman, Conspectus Fl. Europ. , 1878, p. 65.

Schweinfurth, Beitr. Fl. Æth. , p. 270.

In the United States purslane was believed to be of foreign origin (Asa Gray, Fl. of Northern States , ed. 5; Bot. of California , i. p. 79), but in a recent publication, Asa Gray and Trumbull give reasons for believing that it is indigenous in America as in the old world. Columbus had noticed it at San Salvador and at Cuba; Oviedo mentions it in St. Domingo and De Lery in Brazil. This is not the testimony of botanists, but Nuttall and others found it wild in the upper valley of the Missouri, in Colorado, and Texas, where, however, from the date, it might have been introduced. – Author’s Note, 1884.

Piddington, Index to Indian Plants .

Nemnich, Polyglot. Lex. Naturgesch. , ii. p. 1047.

Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. , i. p. 359; Franchet and Savatier, Enum. Pl. Japon. , i. p. 53; Bentham, Fl. Hongkong , p. 127.

Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. , i. p. 240.

Ledebour, Fl. Ross. , ii. p. 145; Lindemann, in Prodr. Fl. Chers. , p. 74, says, “In desertis et arenosis inter Cherson et Berislaw, circa Odessam.”