Hubert Bancroft - The Native Races [of the Pacific states], Volume 5, Primitive History

See vol. iv. of this work, p. 118 .

Melgar , in Soc. Mex. Geog., Boletin , 2da época, tom. iii., pp. 110-11.

See farther, concerning Phœnician and Carthaginian theories: Torquemada , Monarq. Ind. , tom. i., pp. 28-9, 255; Hill's Antiq. Amer. ; Melgar , in Soc. Mex. Geog., Boletin , 2da época, tom. iii., p. 111; Lescarbot , Hist. Nouv. France ; Dally , Races Indig. , pp. 5, 8; Religious Cer. and Cust. , vol. iii., pp. 3-4; Domenech's Deserts , vol. i., pp. 9-21; Vigne's Travels , vol. ii., pp. 41-56; Sheldon , in Am. Antiq. Soc., Transact. , vol. i., pp. 366-8; Lizana , Devocionario , in Landa , Relacion , p. 354; Levy , Nicaragua , pp. 10, 208; Kennedy's Probable Origin ; Baldwin's Anc. Amer. , pp. 171-4, 200, 207; Du Pratz , Hist. Louisiane , tom. iii., pp. 75-86; Chateaubriand , Lettre aux Auteurs , p. 87; Stratton's Mound-Builders , M.S.; Carver's Trav. , pp. 188, 191-2; Montanus , Nieuwe Weereld , pp. 16-22, 27-8; De Costa , Pre-Columbian Disc. Amer. , p. xiv.; Ritos Antiguos , in Kingsborough's Mex. Antiq. , vol. ix., p. 10; Revue Amér. , tom. i., p. 3; Farcy , Discours , in Antiq. Mex. , tom. i., div. i., pp. 43-4: West und Ost Indischer Lustgart , p. 4; Drake's Aborig. Races , pp. 20-2; García , Orígen de los Ind. , pp. 41-77, 192-239; Priest's Amer. Antiq. , pp. 250-1, 333-4; Adair's Amer. Ind. , p. 16; Kingsborough's Mex. Antiq. , vol. viii., p. 84; Fontaine's How the World was Peopled , pp. 254-61.

Orígen de los Ind. , pp. 79-128.

'Yo hice grande diligencia en averiguar esta verdad, y puedo afirmar, que he trabajado mas en ello, que en lo que escrivo en toda la Obra; i asi de lo que acerca de esta he hallado, pondre tales fundamentos al edificio, i maquina de esta sentencia, i opinion, que puedan mui bien sufrir su peso.' Id. , p. 79.

Anian was the name given to the strait which was supposed to lie between Asia and America, and which, after its actual discovery, was named Bering Strait. The unknown northern regions of America were also called Anian.

The worthy Father's geographical knowledge was somewhat vague; thus in the next section he writes: 'Tambien pudieron ir las diez Tribus desde la Tierra, que dice Esdras, à la China… De la China pudieron ir por Mar à la Tierra de Nueva-España, para donde no es mui larga la navegacion, viniendo por el Estrecho, ò Canal, que està, entre la China, i el Reino de Annian, i de Quivira.' Origen de los Ind. , p. 81.

Among several instances given by García to show the cowardice of the Jews, is this: 'dice la Sagrada Escritura, por grande incarecimiento, que no les quiso llevar Moises por la Tierra de Philistim, conociendo su pusilanimidad, i cobardia, porque no temiesen, viendo los Enemigos, que venian en su seguimiento, i de cobardes se bolviesen à Egipto.' With regard to the cowardice of the Americans, he writes: 'Cuenta la Historia, que entrò Cortès, en la Conquista de Nueva-España con 550 Españoles, i de estos eran los 50 Marineros: i en Mexico tuvo, quando lo ganò, 900 Españoles, 200,000 Indios, 8 °Caballos: murieron de los Nuestros 50, i de los Caballos 6. Entrò Piçarro en el Perù con pocos mas de 200 Españoles, con los quales, i con 6 °Caballos tuvo Victoria contra el Rei Atanualpa.' Not only at the time of the Conquest, he adds, did the Americans scatter and run on the discharge of a musket, but even at the present day, when they are familiar with firearms, they do the same. Orígen de los Ind. , pp. 85-6.

Immediately afterwards he says that the Jews and Americans were alike, because they both bathed frequently.

This scarcely seems to be a parallelism, and certainly would not be, had the worthy Father written, as he well might: 'freedom and the hardships of the desert ,' instead of 'manna and the promised land'.

To show García's style and logic, which are, indeed, but little different from the style and reasoning of all these ancient writers, I translate literally, and without embellishment of any kind, his attempts to prove that whatever differences exist at the present day between the Jew and the American, are due to the special act of God. 'It was divinely ordained that men should be scattered throughout all countries, and be so different from one another in disposition and temperament, in order that by their variety men should become possessed of a different and distinct genius; of a difference in the color of the face and in the form of the body; just as animals are various, and various the things produced by the earth, various the trees, various the plants and grasses, various the birds; and finally, various the fish of the sea and of rivers: in order that men should see in this how great is the wisdom of Him that created them. And although the variety and specific difference existing in these irrational and senseless beings causes in them a specific distinction, and that in men is only individual, or accidental and common; the Most High desired that this variety and common difference should exist in the human species, as there could be none specific and essential, so that there should be a resemblance in this between man and the other created beings: of which the Creator himself wished that the natural cause should be the arrangement of the earth, the region of the air, influence of the sky, waters, and edibles. By which the reader will not fail to be convinced that it was possible for the Indians to obtain and acquire a difference of mental faculties, and of color of face and of features, such as the Jews had not.' Orígen de los Ind. , p. 105.

'Y finalmente, si nos dixeren, que solos aquellos siete generos de Gentes, que he nombrado, que son Colcos, Egypcios, Etiopes, Fenices, Syros de Palestina, i Syros de los Rios Termodon, i Pantenio, i sus vecinos los Macrones fueron los que vsaron en el Mundo la circuncision… A Herodoto, i à los que alegaren lo referido, se responde, que sin duda los Hebreos fueron los primeros que la vsaron, por mandado de Dios.' Orígen de los Ind. , p. 110.

See Orígen de los Ind. , pp. 119-23, for examples of linguistic resemblances.

Kingsborough's Mex. Antiq. , vol. viii., pp. 19-20, vol. vi., p. 536.

Id. , vol. viii., p. 21.

Id. , pp. 25-7, 30-1.

Id. , p. 39.

Id. , p. 58.

Id. , pp. 67, 218-19, 240.

Id. , p. 135.

Id. , p. 154.

'Y el Ynga Yupangue entraba solo, y él mismo por su mano sacrificaba las ovejas y corderos.' Betanzos , Historia de los Ingas , lib. i., cap. xi., quoted in Kingsborough's Mex. Antiq. , vol. viii., p. 156.