Gerhard Balg - A Gothic Grammar

Note 2. oin Gothic words often stands for (short) u( § 14, n. 3).

§ 12. ô(= OHG. uo; s. ahd. gr., § 38et seq.) is frequent in Gothic words. E. g., brôþar, brother ; bôka, beech ; frôþs, wise ; flôdus, flud ; fôtus, foot .

In the prt. of the VI. series ( § 35) and of the ê – ô-series ( § 36): ôl, hôf, ôg, pl. ôlum, hôfum, ôgum; laílôt, laílôtum, aísô. In endings, as in nom. pl. gibôs, dagôs; wvs. II.: salbôn; final, in gen. pl. f. gibô, tuggônô; nom. sg. tuggô, haírtô. Prns.: ƕô, þô, sô, ƕanô-h, ainnô-hun, ƕarjanô-h. Verb salbô. Advs. in -ô( § 211).

Note 1. For ôwe sumtimes find u: gakrôtûda(inf. krôtôn), he is crusht ; Lu. XX, 18; ûhtêdun(prs. ôg), they feard ; Mk. XI, 32. – In East Gothic names uoften takes the place of ô; s. Wrede, 'Ostg.', 164.

Note 2. In a few words ôbefore vowels becums au; s. § 26.

Note 3. ôand uinterchange in the inflection of fôn, gen. funins( § 118). Concerning this and other relations between ôand u, cp. Beitr. 6, 377 et seq.; 564; also Kuhns Zs., 26, 16 et seq.

§ 13. The letter uin Gothic denotes both a short and a long vowel; the short u, however, occurs oftener than long û.

Note 1. uin foren words regularly represents Gr. ου. In unaccented syllabls, however, it stands for Gr. ο: diabulus, διάβολος (beside diabaúlus), apaústulus(beside apaústaúlus), paíntêkustê, πεντηκοστή.

Note 2. ufor ôseldom ( § 12, n. 1), ufor áu( § 25, n. 3).

§ 14. Short uis very frequent in Gothic. E. g.

(a) juk, yoke ; sunus, sun ; drus, fall ; us-drusts, a falling ; fra-lusts, lost ; lusnan, to perish ; – in the prt. pl. and pp. of the verbs of the II. series ( § 31); e. g., gutum, gutans; lusum, lusans; – in endings of the sbs. of the u-decl.: handus, handu; – final, as in þu, prn., thou ; nu, now ; -u(interr. particl).

(b) wulfs, wolf ; wulla, wool ; gaqumþs, council ; gulþ, gold ; swumfsl, pond ; hund, 100 ; sibun, 7 ; taíhun, 10 ; fulls, ful ; un-(privativ prefix); in the prt. pl. and pp. of the verbs of the III. series ( § 32): bundum, bundans; in the pp. of the verbs of the IV. series ( § 33): numans, stulans.

brukans, broken ; us-bruknan, to break off (intr.); trudan, to tred , pp. trudans; snutrs, wise .

Note 1. As a rule, the final uof stems is dropt before derivativ j-suffixes; e. g., -hardjan, to harden (< hardus); -agljan, to trubl (< aglus); manwjan, to prepare (< manwus); ufarassjan, to increase (< ufarassus); L. Meyer, 'Got. Spr.', p. 325 et seq. But skadwjan, to overshadow (< skadus), and skadweins, a shading (cp. Zs. fda. 36, 269). – Concerning ubeside w, cp. § 42.

Note 2. Every ubefore hand ris broken to aú; cp. § 24.

Note 3. uis eight times (mostly in Lu.) represented by o; e. g., laúhmoni, lightning : Lu. XVII, 24; sunjos, suns ; Lu. XVI, 8; ushôfon; Lu. XVII, 13; ainomêhun; Lu. VIII, 43; faího, muney ; Mk. X, 23.

Note 4. In the endings of the u-declension uis occasionally represented by au; as, sunaus(nom. sg.); Lu. IV, 3; cp. § 105, n. 2.

§ 15. Long ûcertainly appears in: (a) ût, out ( ûta, etc.); dûbô, duv ; rûna, mystery ; rûms, room, roomy ; *mûl(in faúrmûljan, to muzl ); brûþs, bride ; hûs, house ; skûra, shower ; hlûtrs, pure ; fûls, foul ; *mûks(in mûkamôdei), meek ; þûsundi, 1000 ; brûkjan, to uze (prt. brûhta; adj. brûks); lûkan, to lock ( § 173, n. 2); hrûkjan, to crow (s. Beitr., 6, 379); hnûþô, sting (Icel. hnúþa; s. Noreen, Nord. revy, April 1883).

(b) for nasalized u, the primitiv nasal being lost (cp. § 5, b; § 50, n. 1): þûhta(prt. of þugkjan, to think ), þûhtus, thought (adj. þûhts); hûhrus, hunger ; jûhiza(compar. to juggs), yunger ; ûhtwô, daybreak ; ûhteigs, ûhtiugs, seasonabl ; bi-ûhts, accustomd (s. Brgm., I, 181).

Note 1. uis perhaps long in: þrûtsfill, leprosy (cp. ON. þrútinn, swoln ; OE. þrûstfell; Beitr., 9, 254); anabûsns, commandment (Beitr., 9, 152 and 10, 497; Brgm., II, 287); lûns, ransom (Brgm., II, 285); sûts, sweet (OS. swôti, OE. swête; cp. however Kuhn's Zs., 26, 380); the suff. -dûþs( § 103; cp. Beitr. 6, 380); jûs, ye ( § 150; Brgm., III, 374. 398). Sum write also fidûr-and -ûh(cp. § 24, n. 2).

Note 2. In Rûma, Rome , Rûmôneis, a Roman , ûstands for the Lt. o.