Christopher Hibbert - The Borgias

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The name Borgia is synonymous with the corruption, nepotism, and greed that were rife in Renaissance Italy. The powerful, voracious Rodrigo Borgia, better known to history as Pope Alexander VI, was the central figure of the dynasty. Two of his seven papal offspring also rose to power and fame — Lucrezia Borgia, his daughter, whose husband was famously murdered by her brother, and that brother, Cesare, who served as the model for Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince. Notorious for seizing power, wealth, land, and titles through bribery, marriage, and murder, the dynasty's dramatic rise from its Spanish roots to its occupation of the highest position in Renaissance society forms a gripping tale. Erudite, witty, and always insightful, Hibbert removes the layers of myth around the Borgia family and creates a portrait alive with his superb sense of character and place.

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Cesare left three children: Louise, his legitimate daughter by Charlotte d’Albret, married into the upper echelons of the French aristocracy, and her descendants are still alive today. Little is known of his many illegitimate offspring; one daughter, Camilla, was brought up by Lucrezia in Ferrara, and, like her cousin Eleonora, she became a nun, choosing to be known as Sister Lucrezia in honour of her aunt and later becoming abbess of San Bernardino.

Jofrè’s descendants ruled as princes of Squillace to the end of the sixteenth century, when the title passed to the Borgia family in Spain, the descendants of Alexander VI’s favourite son, Juan, the second Duke of Gandía. His wife, Maria Enriquez, produced a son, another Juan, the third Duke of Gandía, and a daughter, Isabella, who, like her cousins in Ferrara, preferred the convent to the matrimonial bed. Juan III of Gandía produced seventeen children, the eldest of whom, Francisco, inherited the title only to abdicate several years later in 1546 in favour of his son, after the death of his wife, to become a Jesuit and then the order’s third general.

Francisco was in Ferrara in May 1572 when news reached him of the death of Pius V, and of the hopes of many influential people in the church that he should be elected as Pius V’s successor. He was too weak to travel but did return to Rome later that year and died two days later. In one of those curious accidents of which history is so fond, Alexander VI’s great-grandson would be canonized in 1671.

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