Andrew Lobaczewski - Political Ponerology - A Science on the Nature of Evil Adjusted for Political Purposes
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- Название:Political Ponerology: A Science on the Nature of Evil Adjusted for Political Purposes
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- Год:2006
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Political Ponerology: A Science on the Nature of Evil Adjusted for Political Purposes: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация
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him in the name of our more typical world view. In short,
whenever some unidentified psychopathological factor comes
into play, the natural human world view ceases to be applica-
ble.
Moving further, we often meet with sensible people en-
dowed with a well-developed natural world view as regards
psychological, societal, and moral aspects, frequently refined
via literary influences, religious deliberations, and philosophi-
cal reflections. Such persons have a pronounced tendency to
overrate the values of their world view, behaving as though it
were an objective basis for judging other people. They do not
take into account the fact that such a system of apprehending
human matters can also be erroneous, since it is insufficiently
objective. Let us call such an attitude the “egotism of the natu-
ral world view”. To date, it has been the least pernicious type
of egotism, being merely an overestimation of that method of
POLITICAL PONEROLOGY
55
comprehension containing the eternal values of human experi-
ence.
Today, however, the world is being jeopardized by a phe-
nomenon which cannot be understood nor described by means
of such a natural conceptual language; this kind of egotism thus
becomes a dangerous factor stifling the possibility of objective
counteractive measures. Developing and popularizing the ob-
jective psychological world view could thus significantly ex-
pand the scope of dealing with evil, via sensible action and
pinpointed countermeasures.
The objective psychological language, based on mature phi-
losophical criteria, must meet the requirements derived from its
theoretical foundations, and meet the needs of individual and
macrosocial practice. It should be evaluated fully on the basis
of biological realities and constitute an extension of the analo-
gous conceptual language elaborated by the older naturalistic
sciences, particularly medicine. Its range of applicability
should cover all those facts and phenomena conditioned upon
cognizable biological factors for which this natural language
has proved inadequate. It should, within this framework, allow
sufficient understanding of the contents, and varied causes, for
the genesis of the above-mentioned deviant world views.
Elaborating such a conceptual language, being far beyond
the individual scope of any scientist, is a step-by-step affair; by
means of the contribution of many researchers, it matures to the
point when it could be organized under philosophical supervi-
sion in the light of above-mentioned foundations. Such a task
would greatly contribute to the development of all bio-
humanistic and social sciences by liberating them from the
limitations and erroneous tendencies imposed by the overly
great influence of the natural language of psychological imagi-
nation, especially when combined with an excessive compo-
nent of egotism.
Most of the questions dealt with in this book are beyond the
scope of applicability of the natural language. The fifth chapter
shall deal with a macrosocial phenomenon which has rendered
our traditional scientific language completely deceptive. Un-
derstanding these phenomena thus requires consistent separa-
tion from the habits of that method of thinking and the use of
56
SOME INDESPENSIBLE CONCEPTS
the most objective system of concepts possible. For this pur-
pose, it proves necessary to develop the contents, organize
them, and familiarize the readers with them as well.
At the same time, an examination of the phenomena whose
nature forced the use of such a system will render a great con-
tribution to enriching and perfecting the objective system of
concepts.
While working on these matters, the author gradually accus-
tomed himself to comprehending reality by means of this very
method, a way of thinking which turned out to be both the most
appropriate and the most economical in terms of time and ef-
fort. It also protects the mind from its own natural egotism and
any excessive emotionalism.
In the course of the above-mentioned inquiries, each re-
searcher went through his own period of crisis and frustration
when it became evident that the concepts he had trusted thus
far proved to be inapplicable. Ostensibly, correct hypotheses
formulated in the scientifically improved natural conceptual
language turned out to be completely unfounded in the light of
facts, and of preliminary statistical calculations. At the same
time, the elaboration of concepts better suited for investigated
reality became extremely complex: after all, the key to the
question lies in a scientific area still in the process of develop-
ment.
Surviving this period thus required an acceptance of and a
respect for a feeling of nescience11 truly worthy of a philoso-
pher. Every science is born in an area uninhabited by popular
imaginings that must be overcome and left behind. In this case,
however, the procedure had to be exceptionally radical; we had
to venture into any area indicated by systematic analysis of the
facts we observed and experienced from within a full-blown
condition of macrosocial evil, guided by the light of the re-
quirements of scientific methodology. This had to be upheld in
spite of the difficulties caused by extraordinary outside condi-
tions and by our own human personalities.
Very few of the many people who started out on this road
were able to arrive at the end, since they withdrew for various
reasons connected to this period of frustration. Some of them
11 Literally, the absence of knowledge. [Editor’s note.]
POLITICAL PONEROLOGY
57
concentrated on a single question; succumbing to a kind of
fascination regarding its scientific value; they delved into de-
tailed inquiries. Their achievements may be present in this
work, since they understood the general mining of their work.
Others gave up in the face of scientific problems, personal
difficulties, or the fear of being discovered by the authorities,
who are highly vigilant in such matters.
Perusing this book will therefore confront the reader with
similar problems, albeit on a much smaller scale. A certain
impression of injustice may be conveyed due to the need to
leave behind a significant portion of our prior conceptualiza-
tions, the feeling that our natural world view is inapplicable,
and the expendability of some emotional entanglements. I
therefore ask my readers to accept these disturbing feelings in
the spirit of the love of knowledge and its redeeming values.
The above explanations were crucial in order to render the
language of this work more easily comprehensible to the read-
ers. The author has attempted to approach the matters described
herein in such a way as to avoid both losing touch with the
world of objective concepts and becoming incomprehensible to
anyone outside a narrow circle of specialists. We must thus beg
the reader to pardon any slips along the tightrope between the
two methods of thought. However, the author would not be an
experienced psychologist if he could not predict that some
readers will reject the scientific data adduced within this work,
feeling that they constitute an attack upon the natural wisdom
of their life-experience.
The Human Individual
When Auguste Comte12 attempted to found the new science
of sociology during the early nineteenth century, i.e. well be-
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