James Frazer - The Golden Bough - A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 09 of 12)

W. Barbrooke Grubb, An Unknown People in an Unknown Land (London, 1911), pp. 118, 119.

L. M. Turner, “Ethnology of the Ungava District, Hudson Bay Territory,” Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology (Washington, 1894), pp. 193 sq.

W. Ellis, Polynesian Researches , Second Edition (London, 1832-1836), i. 331.

W. Ellis, op. cit. i. 406.

The Voyages of Captain James Cook round the World (London, 1809), vi. 152.

R. Taylor, Te Ika a Maui, or New Zealand and its Inhabitants , Second Edition (London, 1870), p. 104.

J. Kubary, “Die Religion der Pelauer,” in A. Bastian's Allerlei aus Volks- und Menschenkunde (Berlin, 1888), i. 46.

J. Kubary, “Die Bewohner der Mortlock-Inseln,” Mittheilungen der geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg , 1878-79, p. 36.

W. A. Reed, Negritos of Zambales (Manilla, 1904), p. 65 ( Ethnological Survey Publications , vol. ii. Part i.).

Mgr. Couppé “En Nouvelle-Poméranie,” Les Missions Catholiques , xxiii. (1891) pp. 355 sq.

P. A. Kleintitschen, Die Küstenbewohner der Gazellehalbinsel (Hiltrup bei Münster, preface dated 1906), pp. 336 sq. Compare Joachim Graf Pfeil, Studien und Beobachtungen aus der Südsee (Brunswick, 1899), p. 159; id. , in Journal of the Anthropological Institute , xxvii. (1898) pp. 183 sq.

R. Parkinson, Dreissig Jahre in der Südsee (Stuttgart, 1907), pp. 120, 121.

J. L. van Hasselt, “Die Papuastämme an der Geelvinkbai (Neu-guinea),” Mitteilungen der Geographischen Gesellschaft zu Jena , ix. (1891) p. 98. As to Mr. van Hasselt's twenty-five years' residence among these savages, see id. , p. 22.

Stefan Lehner, “Bukaua,” in R. Neuhauss's Deutsch Neu-Guinea , iii. (Berlin, 1911) pp. 414-416.

W. G. Lawes, “Notes on New Guinea and its Inhabitants,” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society , 1880, p. 615.

J. G. F. Riedel, “Die Landschaft Dawan oder West-Timor,” Deutsche geographische Blätter , x. 278 sq.

G. W. W. C. Baron van Hoëvell, Ambon en meer bepaaldelijk de Oeliasers (Dordrecht, 1875), p. 148.

N. P. Wilken en J. A. Schwarz, “Het heidendom en de Islam in Bolaang Mongondou,” Mededeelingen van wege het Nederlandsche Zendelinggenootschap , xi. (1867) p. 259.

R. van Eck, “Schetsen van het eiland Bali,” Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië , August, 1880, p. 83.

S. E. Harthoorn, “De Zending op Java en meer bepaald die van Malang,” Mededeelingen van wege het Nederlandsche Zendelinggenootschap , iv. (1860) pp. 116 sq.

C. A. L. M. Schwaner, Borneo, Beschrijving van het stroomgebied van den Barito (Amsterdam, 1853-54), i. 176.

J. B. Neumann, “Het Pane- en Bila-stroomgebied,” Tijdschrift van het Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap , Tweede Serie, iii. Afdeeling, meer uitgebreide artikelen, No. 2 (Amsterdam, 1886), p. 287.

B. Hagen, “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Battareligion,” Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde , xxviii. (1883) p. 508. The persons of the Batta Trinity are Bataraguru, Sori, and Balabulan. The most fundamental distinction between the persons of the Trinity appears to be that one of them is allowed to eat pork, while the others are not ( ibid. p. 505).

M. Joustra, “Het leven, de zeden en gewoonten der Bataks,” Mededeelingen van wege het Nederlandsche Zendelinggenootschap , xlvi. (1902) p. 412.

The Census of India, 1901 , vol. iii. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands , by Lieut. – Colonel Sir Richard C. Temple (Calcutta, 1903), p. 206.

Borie, “Notice sur les Mantras, tribu sauvage de la péninsule Malaise,” Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde , x. (1860) p. 434.

S. Krascheninnikow, Beschreibung des Landes Kamtschatka (Lemgo, 1766), p. 215.

We may compare the instructive remarks made by Mr. W. E. Maxwell on the stratification of religious beliefs among the Malays (“The Folk-lore of the Malays,” Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society , No. 7, June, 1881, pp. 11 sq. ). He says: “Two successive religious changes have taken place among them, and when we have succeeded in identifying the vestiges of Brahmanism which underly the external forms of the faith of Muhammed, long established in all Malay kingdoms, we are only half-way through our task. There yet remain the powerful influences of the still earlier indigenous faith to be noted and accounted for. Just as the Buddhists of Ceylon turn, in times of sickness and danger, not to the consolations offered by the creed of Buddha, but to the propitiation of the demons feared and reverenced by their early progenitors, and just as the Burmese and Talaings, though Buddhists, retain in full force the whole of the Nat superstition, so among the Malays, in spite of centuries which have passed since the establishment of an alien worship, the Muhammedan peasant may be found invoking the protection of Hindu gods against the spirits of evil with which his primitive faith has peopled all natural objects.”

H. Oldenberg, Die Religion des Veda (Berlin, 1894), pp. 39 sq.

Monier Williams, Religious Thought and Life in India (London, 1883), pp. 210 sq.

Monier Williams, op. cit. pp. 230 sq. The views here expressed by the late Professor Monier Williams are confirmed from personal knowledge by Mr. E. T. Atkinson, The Himalayan Districts of the North-Western Provinces of India , ii. (Allahabad, 1884) p. 840.

E. T. Dalton, Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal (Calcutta, 1872), pp. 256, 257, 258.

Rev. S. Endle, The Kacharis (London, 1911), p. 33.

Bertram S. Carey and H. N. Tuck, The Chin Hills , i. (Rangoon, 1896) p. 196.

L. A. Waddell, “Demonolatry in Sikhim Lamaism,” The Indian Antiquary , xxiii. (1894) p. 197.

L. A. Waddell, The Buddhism of Tibet (London, 1895), p. 152.

Lt. – Colonel J. Shakespear, The Lushei Kuki Clans (London, 1912), pp. 61, 65 sq. , 67.

Rev. S. Mateer, The Land of Charity (London, 1883), p. 207.

R. Percival, Account of the Island of Ceylon , Second Edition (London, 1805), pp. 211-213.