Charles Dickens - Hard Times

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The dehumanizing effects of heavy industrialization are given form and bitter indictment in this Dickens novel. Raised by a hard, pragmatic father concerned only with sterile principles, Tom and Louisa Gradgrind grow up with little imagination, culture or concern for others. Louisa chooses Josiah Bounderby for a husband, a vulgar man who owns a bank and a mill, whom she leaves after a while and returns to her father's house. Her unscrupulous brother adds to the family crises by robbing his brother-in-law's bank. The father finally sees how his cold, principled upbringing has damaged his children's lives.

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The rope came in tight and strained; and ring after ring was coiled upon the barrel of the windlass, and all eyes were fastened on the pit. The sobered man was brought up and leaped out briskly on the grass. There was an universal cry of “Alive or dead?” and then a deep, profound hush.

When he said “Alive!” a great shout arose and many eyes had tears in them.

“But he's hurt very bad,” he added, as soon as he could make himself heard again. “Where's doctor? He's hurt so very bad, sir, that we donno how to get him up.”

They all consulted together, and looked anxiously at the surgeon, as he asked some questions, and shook his head on receiving the replies. The sun was setting now; and the red light in the evening sky touched every face there, and caused it to be distinctly seen in all its rapt suspense.

The consultation ended in the men returning to the windlass, and the pitman going down again, carrying the wine and some other small matters with him. Then the other man came up. In the meantime, under the surgeon's directions, some men brought a hurdle, on which others made a thick bed of spare clothes covered with loose straw, while he himself contrived some bandages and slings from shawls and handkerchiefs. As these were made, they were hung upon an arm of the pitman who had last come up, with instructions how to use them: and as he stood, shown by the light he carried, leaning his powerful loose hand upon one of the poles, and sometimes glancing down the pit, and sometimes glancing round upon the people, he was not the least conspicuous figure in the scene. It was dark now, and torches were kindled.

It appeared from the little this man said to those about him, which was quickly repeated all over the circle, that the lost man had fallen upon a mass of crumbled rubbish with which the pit was half choked up, and that his fall had been further broken by some jagged earth at the side. He lay upon his back with one arm doubled under him, and according to his own belief had hardly stirred since he fell, except that he had moved his free hand to a side pocket, in which he remembered to have some bread and meat (of which he had swallowed crumbs), and had likewise scooped up a little water in it now and then. He had come straight away from his work, on being written to, and had walked the whole journey; and was on his way to Mr. Bounderby's country house after dark, when he fell. He was crossing that dangerous country at such a dangerous time, because he was innocent of what was laid to his charge, and couldn't rest from coming the nearest way to deliver himself up. The Old Hell Shaft, the pitman said, with a curse upon it, was worthy of its bad name to the last; for though Stephen could speak now, he believed it would soon be found to have mangled the life out of him.

When all was ready, this man, still taking his last hurried charges from his comrades and the surgeon after the windlass had begun to lower him, disappeared into the pit. The rope went out as before, the signal was made as before, and the windlass stopped. No man removed his hand from it now. Every one waited with his grasp set, and his body bent down to the work, ready to reverse and wind in. At length the signal was given, and all the ring leaned forward.

For, now, the rope came in, tightened and strained to its utmost as it appeared, and the men turned heavily, and the windlass complained. It was scarcely endurable to look at the rope, and think of its giving way. But, ring after ring was coiled upon the barrel of the windlass safely, and the connecting chains appeared, and finally the bucket with the two men holding on at the sides—a sight to make the head swim, and oppress the heart—and tenderly supporting between them, slung and tied within, the figure of a poor, crushed, human creature.

A low murmur of pity went round the throng, and the women wept aloud, as this form, almost without form, was moved very slowly from its iron deliverance, and laid upon the bed of straw. At first, none but the surgeon went close to it. He did what he could in its adjustment on the couch, but the best that he could do was to cover it. That gently done, he called to him Rachael and Sissy. And at that time the pale, worn, patient face was seen looking up at the sky, with the broken right hand lying bare on the outside of the covering garments, as if waiting to be taken by another hand.

They gave him drink, moistened his face with water, and administered some drops of cordial and wine. Though he lay quite motionless looking up at the sky, he smiled and said, “Rachael.” She stooped down on the grass at his side, and bent over him until her eyes were between his and the sky, for he could not so much as turn them to look at her.

“Rachael, my dear.”

She took his hand. He smiled again and said, “Don't let “t go.”

“Thou'rt in great pain, my own dear Stephen?”

“I ha” been, but not now. I ha” been—dreadful, and dree, and long, my dear—but “tis ower now. Ah, Rachael, aw a muddle! Fro” first to last, a muddle!”

The spectre of his old look seemed to pass as he said the word.

“I ha” fell into th” pit, my dear, as have cost wi'in the knowledge o” old fok now livin, hundreds and hundreds o” men's lives—fathers, sons, brothers, dear to thousands an” thousands, an” keeping “em fro” want and hunger. I ha” fell into a pit that ha” been wi” th” Firedamp crueller than battle. I ha” read on “t in the public petition, as onny one may read, fro” the men that works in pits, in which they ha” pray'n and pray'n the lawmakers for Christ's sake not to let their work be murder to “em, but to spare “em for th” wives and children that they loves as well as gentlefok loves theirs. When it were in work, it killed wi'out need; when “tis let alone, it kills wi'out need. See how we die an” no need, one way an” another—in a muddle—every day!”

He faintly said it, without any anger against any one. Merely as the truth.

“Thy little sister, Rachael, thou hast not forgot her. Thou'rt not like to forget her now, and me so nigh her. Thou know'st—poor, patient, suff'rin, dear—how thou didst work for her, seet'n all day long in her little chair at thy winder, and how she died, young and misshapen, awlung o” sickly air as had'n no need to be, an” awlung o” working people's miserable homes. A muddle! Aw a muddle!”

Louisa approached him; but he could not see her, lying with his face turned up to the night sky.

“If aw th” things that tooches us, my dear, was not so muddled, I should'n ha” had'n need to coom heer. If we was not in a muddle among ourseln, I should'n ha” been, by my own fellow weavers and workin” brothers, so mistook. If Mr. Bounderby had ever know'd me right—if he'd ever know'd me at aw—he would'n ha” took'n offence wi” me. He would'n ha” suspect'n me. But look up yonder, Rachael! Look aboove!”

Following his eyes, she saw that he was gazing at a star.

“It ha” shined upon me,” he said reverently, “in my pain and trouble down below. It ha” shined into my mind. I ha” look'n at “t and thowt o” thee, Rachael, till the muddle in my mind have cleared awa, above a bit, I hope. If soom ha” been wantin” in unnerstan'in me better, I, too, ha” been wantin” in unnerstan'in them better. When I got thy letter, I easily believen that what the yoong ledy sen and done to me, and what her brother sen and done to me, was one, and that there were a wicked plot betwixt “em. When I fell, I were in anger wi” her, an” hurryin on t” be as onjust t” her as oothers was t” me. But in our judgments, like as in our doins, we mun bear and forbear. In my pain an” trouble, lookin up yonder,—wi” it shinin on me—I ha” seen more clear, and ha” made it my dyin prayer that aw th” world may on'y coom toogether more, an” get a better unnerstan'in o” one another, than when I were in “t my own weak seln.”

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