David Starkey - Monarchy - From the Middle Ages to Modernity

From the Middle Ages to Modernity

DAVID STARKEY

To Hal and Susie Bagot,

under whose roof it was finished.

For friendship and hospitality.

GENEALOGY

INTRODUCTION: The Imperial Crown

PART I

1 The Man Who Would Be King

2 King and Emperor

3 Shadow of the King

4 Rebellion

5 New Model Kingdom

PART II

6 Restoration

7 Royal Republic

8 Britannia Rules

9 Empire

10 The King is Dead, Long Live the British Monarchy!

EPILOGUE: The Challenges of Modernity

INDEX

Also by David Starkey

Credits

Copyright

About the Publisher

SECTION I

Page 1

1 King Edward IV, by unknown artist, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

2 Elizabeth Woodville. © The President and Fellows of Queens’ College.

3 King Richard III, by unknown artist, late 16th century, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

4 Lady Margaret Beaufort, by unknown artist, c.1600, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

Pages 2–3

1 King Henry VII, by unknown artist, 1505, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

2 Elizabeth of York, by unknown artist, c.1500, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

3 King Henry VIII, (miniature), Horenbout Lucas, 1526–7. The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

4 Catherine of Aragon, (miniature), attributed to Horenbout Lucas, c.1525. The National Portrait Gallery, London.

5 Meeting at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, 7th June 1520. From an original by Hans Holbein, the Elder (oil on canvas), this copy by Friedrich Bouterwek. © Chateau de Versailles, France/Lauros/ Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library.

Pages 4–5

1 The Whitehall Mural, or The Dynasty Portrait. From an original by Hans Holbein, this copy by Remigius van Leemput, late 17th century. The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

2 The Great Bible, title page, 1539. © Lambeth Palace Library, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.

Pages 6–7

1 The Family of Henry VIII, by unknown artist, c.1545, (oil on canvas). The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

2 Thomas Cranmer, by Flicke Gerlach, 1545, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

3 King Edward VI and the Pope, by unknown artist, c.1570, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

4 Queen Mary I by Hans Eworth or Ewoutsz, (fl.1520–74). © Society of Antiquaries, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.

5 Foxe’s Book of Martyr’s (page detail), c.1500. © Lambeth Palace Library.

Page 8

1 Queen Elizabeth I in Coronation Robes, by unknown artist, c.1559, (panel). © National Portrait Gallery, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.

2 Mary, Queen of Scots after a miniature, by unknown artist, c.1560–1565, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

3 James I (in robes of state), van Somer Paul, c.1620. The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

SECTION II

Page 1

1 The Somerset House Conference, by unknown artist, 1604, (oil on canvas). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

2 Right hand side of Diptych showing the Parliament of James I of England, VI of Scotland and the Gunpowder Plot, detail of the Gunpowder Plotters from the bottom right hand corner, by English School, 17th century, (oil on panel). © St. Faith’s Church, Gaywood, Norfolk, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.

3 Great Seal of James I (detail) by English School, 17th century, (engraving). © Private Collection/ The Bridgeman Art Library.

Pages 2–3

1 King Charles I and his Family, by school of Sir Anthony van Dyck, (oil on canvas). © Royal Hospital Chelsea, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.

2 Archbishop William Laud, after Sir Anthony van Dyck, c.1636, (oil on canvas). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

3 Parliament Assembled at Westminster on 13th April 1640, by unknown artist, 17th century, (engraving). © Museum of London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.

Pages 4–5

1 The Battle Plan of Naseby from Anglia Rediviva, 1647. © The British Library, London.

2 Oliver Cromwell by Walker Robert, c.1649, (oil on canvas). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

3 Execution of Charles I (1600–49) at Whitehall, January 30th, 1649 (oil on canvas) by Coques, Gonzales, attr.to. © Musee de Picardie, Amiens, France/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library.

4 The Pourtraiture of his Royal Highness, Oliver, Late Protector etc, in his Life and Death, with a short view of his Government. © The British Library, London.

Pages 6–7

1 Coronation Procession of Charles II to Westminster from the Tower of London, by Dirck Stoop, 1661. © Museum of London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.

2 Charles II enthroned wearing the recreated Regalia, by John Michael Wright, 1660–1670. The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

3 The Royal Gift of Healing, King Charles II healing the sick, by unknown artist, 1684. © Heritage Image Partnership/The British Library.

Page 8

1 Dutch attack on the Medway: The Royal Charles carried into Dutch waters, 12th June 1667, by Ludolf Bakhuizen, 1667, (oil on canvas). National Maritime Museum, London.

2 Titus Oates, by Robert White, 1679, (line engraving). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

SECTION III

Page 1

1 A perspective of Westminster Abbey from the High alter to the West end showing the manner of his Majesties crowning ( James II). From The History of the Coronation, Francis Sandford, 1687. © Lambeth Palace Library.

Pages 2–3

1 Louis XIV in Royal Costume, by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1701, (oil on canvas). © Louvre, Paris, France/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library.

2 King William III, by unknown artist, c.1690, (oil on canvas). The National Portrait Gallery, London.

3 Mary II as Princess of Orange, attributed to Nicholas Dixon, c.1677. The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

Pages 4–5

1 Apotheosis of William and Mary, Ceiling of the Painted Hall, by Sir James Thornhill, 18th century. Courtesy of the Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College.

2 Queen Ann and William, Duke of Gloucester, studio of Sir Godfrey Kneller BT, c.1694, (oil on canvas). National Portrait Gallery, London.

Pages 6–7

1 John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, with their children, by Johann Closterman, (oil on canvas). © Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.

2 The Duke of Marlborough surveys his troops at the Battle of Oudenarde in the Spanish Netherlands, 30th June 1708, tapestry woven by Judocus de Vos. © Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.