David Starkey - Crown and Country - A History of England through the Monarchy

Crown and Country

A History of England through the Monarchy

DAVID STARKEY

Copyright

Published by HarperPress in 2010

Copyright © Jutland 2010

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London SE1 9GF

www.harpercollins.co.uk

The Monarchy of England: Volume I, The Beginnings first published by Chatto and Windus, a division of Random House, 2004 © Jutland 2004

Monarchy: From the Middle Ages to Modernity first published by HarperPress 2006 © David Starkey 2006

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David Starkey asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

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HB ISBN 9780007307708

TPB ISBN 9780007307715

Ebook Edition © 2010 ISBN: 9780007424825

Version: 2018-08-08

To all those who worked with me on the Channel 4 Monarchy series for helping me understand history better and write it more clearly

Contents

Cover

Title Page Crown and Country A History of England through the Monarchy DAVID STARKEY

Copyright

Family Trees

Houses of Godwin and Wessex

Houses of Normandy, Anjou and the Plantagenets

Houses of York, Lancaster and Tudor

Houses of Tudor, Stuart and the Hanoverians

House of Windsor

Foreword

PART I - BEGINNINGS

Chapter 1 - The Shadow of Rome

Chapter 2 - Christian Kingship

Chapter 3 - Wessex

Chapter 4 - Triumph and Disaster

Chapter 5 - Confessor and Conquest

PART II - THE MEDIEVAL MONARCHY

Chapter 6 - Subjugation

Chapter 7 - Sons of Conquest

Chapter 8 - The Triumphant King

Chapter 9 - Civil War

Chapter 10 - ‘Touch Not Mine Anointed’

Chapter 11 - The Curse of Anjou

Chapter 12 - War Monarchy

Chapter 13 - Death of a Dynasty

PART III - THE IMPERIAL CROWN

Chapter 14 - The Man Who Would Be King

Chapter 15 - King and Emperor

Chapter 16 - Shadow of The King

Chapter 17 - Rebellion

Chapter 18 - New Model Kingdom

PART IV - EMPIRE

Chapter 19 - Restoration

Chapter 20 - Royal Republic

Chapter 21 - Britannia Rules

Chapter 22 - Empire

Chapter 23 - The King is Dead, Long Live The British Monarchy!

PART V - MODERNITY

Chapter 24 - The Modern Monarchy

Chapter 25 - New Kingdom

Index

Also By David Starkey

About the Publisher

FAMILY TREES

HOUSES OF GODWIN AND WESSEX

HOUSES OF NORMANDY, ANJOU AND THE PLANTAGENETS

HOUSES OF YORK, LANCASTER AND TUDOR

HOUSES OF TUDOR, STUART AND THE HANOVERIANS

HOUSE OF WINDSOR

Foreword

THIS BOOK IS THE STORY of the crown of England and of those who wore it, intrigued for it and died for it. They include some of the most notable figures of English and British history: Alfred the Great and William the Conqueror, who shaped and reshaped England; the great Henrys and Edwards of the Middle Ages, who made England the centre of a vast European empire; Henry VIII, whose mere presence could strike men dumb with fear; Elizabeth I, who remains as much a seductive enigma to us as she was to her contemporaries; and Charles I, who redeemed a disastrous reign with a noble, sacrificial death as he humbled himself, Christ-like and self-consciously so, to the executioner’s axe.

Such figures leap from the page of mere history into myth and romance. I have painted these great royal characters – and the dozens of other monarchs, who, rightly or wrongly, have left less of a memory behind – with as much skill as I could.

But this is not a history of Kings and Queens. And its approach is not simply biographical either. Instead, it is the history of an institution: the Monarchy. Institutions – and monarchy most of all – are built of memory and inherited traditions, of heirlooms, historic buildings and rituals that are age-old (or at least pretend to be). All these are here, and, since I have devoted much of my academic career to what are now called Court Studies, they are treated in some detail.

But the institution of monarchy – and I think this fact has been too little appreciated – is also about ideas. Indeed, it is on ideas that I have primarily depended to shape the structure of the book and to drive its narrative. These are not the disembodied, abstract ideas of old-fashioned history. Instead, I present them through lives of those who formulated them. Sometimes these were monarchs; more usually they were advisers and publicists. Such men – at least as much as soldiers and sailors – were the shock-troops of monarchy. They shaped its reaction to events; even, at times, enabled it to seize the initiative. When they were talented and imaginative, monarchy flourished; when they were not, the crown lost its sheen and the throne tottered.

So monarchy depends on its servants: its advisers and ideologues; its painters, sculptors and architects, and – not least – its historians. And these, too, are given voice, sometimes as chorus to the swelling scene, occasionally as actors themselves.

The result is a task completed. It began in 2004 with the publication of The Monarchy of England: The Beginnings . That book covered the period from the fall of Roman Britain to the Norman Conquest and its aftermath, and was intended to be the first of three volumes to accompany a Channel 4 series of the same name. A further volume, Monarchy: From the Middle Ages to Modernity , appeared in 2006. But the Middle Ages themselves remained untreated. This book brings together the two previously published volumes. And it fills in the missing centuries in the same style and with similar emphases.

I have also changed the book’s title. Monarchy was chosen because of the fashion at the time for portentous one-word titles for major television series. And it did the job well enough. But Crown and Country does it better. The crown is the oldest English institution and the most glittering. But its story, as I tell it, is finally the means to an end: the history of England herself.