Keith N. Frayn - Human Metabolism

Fourth Edition

Keith N. Frayn

Emeritus Professor of Human Metabolism

Radcliffe Department of Medicine

University of Oxford

Oxford, UK

and

Rhys D. Evans

Reader in Metabolic Biochemistry

Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics

University of Oxford

Oxford, UK

and

Consultant in Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine

Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

John Radcliffe Hospital

Oxford, UK

This edition first published 2019 © 2019 Keith N. Frayn and Rhys D. Evans

Edition History Portland Press (1e, 1996); Blackwell Science (2e, 2003); Wiley-Blackwell (3e, 2010). (Editions 1 to 3 published under the title of Metabolic Regulation: A Human Perspective. )

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Frayn, K. N. (Keith N.), author. | Evans, Rhys D. (Rhys David), author. Title: Human metabolism : a regulatory perspective / Keith N. Frayn and Rhys D. Evans. Other titles: Metabolic regulation Description: Fourth edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2019. | Preceded by Metabolic regulation / Keith N. Frayn. 3rd ed. 2010. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2018039797 (print) | LCCN 2018041323 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119331445 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119331469 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119331438 (paperback) Subjects: | MESH: Metabolism—physiology | Metabolic Diseases—physiopathology | Metabolic Networks and Pathways—physiology Classification: LCC QP171 (ebook) | LCC QP171 (print) | NLM QU 120 | DDC 612.3/9—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018039797

Cover images: courtesy of Keith Frayn and Rhys Evans, © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Cover design by Wiley

1 Cover

2 Preface

3 Abbreviations

4 About the companion website

5 CHAPTER 1 The underlying principles of human metabolism 1.1 Metabolism in perspective 1.2 The chemistry of food – and of bodies 1.3 General overview of metabolism Note

6 CHAPTER 2 Cellular aspects of metabolic regulation 2.1 What is metabolic regulation? 2.2 What makes one tissue different from another? 2.3 Rapid changes in metabolic flux and how they are achieved 2.4 Longer-term control of metabolic pathways Note

7 CHAPTER 3 Coordination of metabolism in the whole body 3.1 Metabolic regulation involves communication between tissues 3.2 What connects the tissues? 3.3 Hormones and their receptors 3.4 Hormones and short-term control of enzyme activity 3.5 Hormones and longer-term control of enzyme activity

8 CHAPTER 4 Digestion and intestinal absorption 4.1 The strategy of digestion 4.2 Stages of digestion 4.3 Absorption from the small intestine 4.4 The large intestine Note

9 CHAPTER 5 Metabolic specialisation of organs and tissues 5.1 The liver 5.2 Adipose tissue 5.3 Skeletal muscle 5.4 The heart 5.5 The kidneys 5.6 The brain 5.7 The endothelium – a large organ distributed throughout the body 5.8 Enterocytes 5.9 Cells of the immune system Notes

10 CHAPTER 6 Communication systems 6.1 Communication systems 6.2 Hormones important in metabolic regulation 6.3 The nervous system and metabolism Note

11 CHAPTER 7 Integration of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism in normal daily life 7.1 The body’s fuel stores 7.2 Carbohydrate metabolism 7.3 Lipid metabolism 7.4 Amino acid and protein metabolism 7.5 Links between carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism 7.6 Blood flow and the integration of metabolism 7.7 An integrated overview of metabolism: a metabolic diary 7.8 Metabolic control in a physiological setting Notes

12 CHAPTER 8 Metabolic challenges: Coping with some extreme physiological situations 8.1 Situations in which metabolism is significantly altered from its normal pattern 8.2 Exercise 8.3 Growth and development Notes

13 CHAPTER 9 Metabolic challenges: Coping with some pathological situations Pathological challenges to metabolism 9.1 Starvation 9.2 The period of adapted starvation 9.3 Pathological stress: the metabolic response to tissue injury and the effects of inflammation, infection and trauma 9.4 Cancer metabolism

14 CHAPTER 10 Lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis 10.1 Introduction to lipoprotein metabolism 10.2 Outline of the pathways of lipoprotein metabolism 10.3 Regulation of lipoprotein metabolism 10.4 Disturbances of lipoprotein metabolism