Anil Bangalore Shivappa - An Illustrated Atlas of Tooth Carving and Wax-Up Techniques

Anatomical landmark seen as pinpoint depression at the junction where developmental grooves unite in the central fossa of molars ( Figure 4.3f) [1].

Figure 4.3 (a–h) Anatomical landmarks of human permanent dentition.

Junction formed by the union of crown and root ( Figure 4.3g). It represents the junction where the portion of the tooth covered with enamel meets the portion covered by cementum [4]. Proximally it curves towards the incisal edge in anterior teeth and towards the occlusal surface in posterior teeth. In general, curvature of the cervical line is more on the mesial side compared to the distal and greatest on the anterior teeth, diminishing on posterior teeth [1, 2].

Part of the root on the posterior teeth between the cervical line and furcal area. Also called a trunk base ( Figure 4.3h) [1].

Figure 4.4 (a–h) Anatomical landmarks of human permanent dentition.

It is the division of roots [1, 3].

Seen on two‐rooted teeth ( Figure 4.4a) [1, 3].

Seen on three‐rooted teeth ( Figure 4.4b) [1, 3].

The space apical to root furcation and between the roots ( Figure 4.4c) [1].

The tip of the root at its end ( Figure 4.4d) [2, 4]

Shallow linear depression or fissure or furrow between the primary parts of the crown or root ( Figure 4.4e) [2–4].

Groove located centrally on the occlusal surface, within the sulcus of the posterior teeth and running in a mesiodistal direction ( Figure 4.4f) [1, 2].

Buccal extension from the central groove on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth ( Figure 4.4f) [1].

Lingual extension from the central groove on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth ( Figure 4.4f) [1].

Shallow linear depressions supplemental to a developmental groove ( Figure 4.4f).

Angle formed by the union of two surfaces ( Figure 4.4g) [1].

Angle formed by the union of three surfaces ( Figure 4.4h) [1].

Also called crest of curvature, height of contour. It is the maximum height on a convex outline of the tooth structure [1].

1 1 Rickne, C.S. and Weiss, G. (2012). Woelfel's Dental Anatomy, 8e. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

2 2 Stanley, J.N. and Major, M.A.C. (2010). Wheeler's Dental Anatomy and Occlusion, 9e. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

3 3 Hillson, S. (2012). Dental Anthropology. Cambridge University Press. Kindle Edition.

4 4 Edgar, H.J.H. (2017). Dental Morphology for Anthropology, (p. iii). Taylor and Francis. Kindle Edition.

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