Alex J. Bellamy - Understanding Peacekeeping

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Peace operations remain a principal tool for managing armed conflict and protecting civilians. The fully revised, expanded and updated third edition of 
 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the theory, history, and politics of peace operations.
Drawing on a dataset of nearly two hundred historical and contemporary missions, this book evaluates the changing characteristics of the contemporary international environment in which peace operations are deployed, the strategic purposes peace operations are intended to achieve, and the major challenges facing today’s peacekeepers. All the chapters have been revised and updated, and five new chapters have been added – on stabilization, organized crime, exit strategies, force generation, and the use of force.
Part 1 summarizes the central concepts and issues related to peace operations. Part 2 charts the historical development of peacekeeping, from 1945 through to 2020. Part 3 analyses the strategic purposes that United Nations and other peace operations are intended to achieve – namely, prevention, observation, assistance, enforcement, stabilization, and administration. Part 4 looks forward and examines the central challenges facing today’s peacekeepers: force generation, the regionalization and privatization of peace operations, the use of force, civilian protection, gender issues, policing and organized crime, and exit strategies.

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Identifiers: LCCN 2020012849 (print) | LCCN 2020012850 (ebook) | ISBN 9780745686714 (hardback) | ISBN 9780745686721 (paperback) | ISBN 9780745686721 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Peacekeeping forces.

Classification: LCC JZ6374 .B45 2021 (print) | LCC JZ6374 (ebook) | DDC 341.5/84--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020012849LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020012850

The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate.

Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition.

For further information on Polity, visit our website: politybooks.com

Abbreviations

ADFAllied Democratic Forces (Uganda)AFPAustralian Federal PoliceAFISMAAfrican-led International Support Mission to MaliAMIBAfrican Union Mission in BurundiAMISAfrican Union Mission in the SudanAMISECAfrican Union Mission in the ComorosAMISOMAfrican Union Mission in SomaliaANSPNational Academy for Public Security (El Salvador)APCarmoured personnel carrierAQIMal-Qaeda in the Islamic MaghrebASEANAssociation of Southeast Asian NationsASFAfrican Standby ForceASIFUAll Sources Information Fusion Unit (MINUSMA)AUAfrican UnionAusAIDAustralian Agency for International DevelopmentC34UN Special Committee on PeacekeepingCARCentral African RepublicCISCommonwealth of Independent StatesCIVPOLcivilian policeCNNCable News NetworkCPAComprehensive Peace Agreement (Sudan)CPPCambodian People’s Party (PRK)DDRdisarmament, demobilization, reintegrationDFIDDepartment for International Development (UK)DFSUN Department of Field SupportDOMREPMission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican RepublicDPKOUN Department of Peacekeeping OperationsDPOUN Department of Peace OperationsDPPAUN Department of Political and Peacebuilding AffairsDRCDemocratic Republic of CongoDSLDefence Systems LimitedECCASEconomic Community of Central African StatesECOMIBECOWAS Mission in Guinea-BissauECOMICIECOWAS Mission in Côte d’IvoireECOMIGECOWAS Mission in The GambiaECOMILECOWAS Mission in LiberiaECOMOGMilitary Observer Group of the Economic Community of West African StatesECOWASEconomic Community of West African StatesEISASExecutive Committee on Peace and Security Information and Strategic Analysis SecretariatEOExecutive OutcomesEUEuropean UnionEUFOREuropean Union forceEUFOR RDEuropean Union Reserve DeploymentEUPMEuropean Union Policing MissionEUTMEuropean Union Training MissionFARDCArmed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the CongoFDLRForces Démocratiques de Libération du RwandaFIBForce Intervention Brigade (MONUSCO)FMLNFrente Farabundo Marti para la Liberacion Nacional (El Salvador)FNINationalist and Integrationist Front (DRC)FOMUCCEMAC Mission in Central African RepublicFPUformed police unitFUNCINPECNational United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful and Cooperative CambodiaFYROMFormer Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaG5 SahelBurkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and NigerGPSPGlobal Peace and Security PartnershipHIPPOHigh Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (2015)ICCInternational Criminal CourtICGLRInternational Conference on the Great Lakes RegionICRCInternational Committee of the Red CrossICTYInternational Criminal Tribunal for the former YugoslaviaICUIslamic Courts Union (Somalia)IDGInternational Deployment Group (Australian Federal Police)IDPsinternally displaced personsIEDimprovised explosive deviceIEMFInterim Emergency Multinational Force (DRC)IFMIsatabu Freedom Movement (Solomon Islands)IFORImplementation Force (NATO-led)IGADIntergovernmental Authority on DevelopmentIHLinternational humanitarian lawIMFInternational Monetary FundIMTInternational Monitoring Team (Mindanao)IMTFIntegrated Mission Task ForceINTERFETInternational Force in East TimorIPMTInternational Peace Monitoring Team (Solomon Islands)IPOindividual police officerIPOAInternational Peace Operations AssociationIPTFInternational Police Task ForceISAFInternational Security Assistance Force (Afghanistan)ISFInternational Stabilization ForceISOAInternational Stability Operations AssociationJMACJoint Mission Analysis CellKFORKosovo ForceKLAKosovo Liberation ArmyKPCKosovo Protection CorpsKPSKosovo Police ServiceLASLeague of Arab StatesLDKDemocratic League of KosovoLTTELiberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Sri Lanka)MAESAfrican Union Electoral and Security Assistance Mission (Comoros)MEFMalaita Eagle Force (Solomon Islands)MFOmultinational force observersMICEMAECOWAS Mission in MaliMICOPAXECCAS Mission for the Consolidation of Peace in Central African RepublicMINUCIUnited Nations Mission in Côte d’IvoireMINUGUAUnited Nations Verification Mission in GuatemalaMINURCAUnited Nations Mission in the Central African RepublicMINURCATUnited Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and ChadMINURSOUnited Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western SaharaMINUSALMission of the United Nations in El SalvadorMINUSCAUnited Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Central African RepublicMINUSMAUnited Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in MaliMINUSTAHUnited Nations Stabilization Mission in HaitiMIPONUHUnited Nations Civilian Police Mission in HaitiMISABInter-African Mission to Monitor the Implementation of the Bangui AgreementsMISCAAfrican Union Mission in the Central African RepublicMNFmultinational forceMNLANational Movement for the Liberation of the AzawadMONUAUnited Nations Observer Mission in AngolaMONUCUnited Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of CongoMONUSCOUnited Nations Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of CongoMOUmemorandum of understandingMPRIMilitary Professional Resources IncorporatedMUJAOMovement for Oneness and Jihad in West AfricaNAMNon-Aligned MovementNATONorth Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNGOnon-governmental organizationNLANational Liberation Army (Macedonia)NPFLNational Patriotic Front of LiberiaOASOrganization of American StatesOAUOrganisation of African UnityOCHAUN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsOLMEEOAU Liaison Mission in Ethiopia/EritreaONUBUnited Nations Operation in BurundiONUCUnited Nations Operation in the CongoONUCAUnited Nations Observer Group in Central America United Nations Operation in MozambiqueONUMOZUnited Nations Operation in MozambiqueONUSALUnited Nations Observer Mission in El SalvadorONUVENUnited Nations Observer Mission for Verification of the Elections in NicaraguaOROLSIUN Office of Rule of Law and Security InstitutionsOSCEOrganization for Security and Cooperation in EuropeP5Permanent Members of the UN Security Council (Britain, China, France, Russian Federation, United States)PAEPacific Architects and EngineersPCCpolice-contributing countryPCRSUN Peacekeeping Capability Readiness SystemPDKParty of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge)PIFPacific Islands ForumPLOPalestine Liberation OrganizationPOCprotection of civiliansPRKPeople’s Republic of KampucheaPRTsProvincial Reconstruction Teams (Afghanistan)PSCPeace and Security Council; private security companyQIPquick impact projectRAMSIRegional Assistance Mission to the Solomon IslandsRDHQrapidly deployable headquartersRECAMPRenforcement des capacités africaines de maintien de la paixROTCReserve Officer Training CorpsRPFRwandan Patriotic FrontRSIPRoyal Solomon Islands PoliceRUFRevolutionary United Front of Sierra LeoneSADCSouthern African Development CommunitySAICScience Applications International CorporationSCRSecurity Council resolutionSEAsexual exploitation and abuseSFORStabilization Force (NATO-led) in BosniaSHIRBRIGStandby High Readiness BrigadeSMCStrategic Military CellSNASomali National ArmySPLM/ASudan People’s Liberation Movement/ArmySPCUN standing police capacitySRSGUN Special Representative of the Secretary-GeneralSSRsecurity sector reformSWATSpecial weapons and tacticsTCCtroop-contributing countryTFGTransitional Federal Government (Somalia)TRWTRW Automotive (part of the Northrop Grumman Group)TSZTemporary Security Zone (Ethiopia–Eritrea)UAVUnmanned aerial vehicleUNUnited NationsUNAMICUnited Nations Advance Mission in CambodiaUNAMIDAU/UN Hybrid Operation in Darfur (Sudan)UNAMIRUnited Nations Assistance Mission in RwandaUNAMSILUnited Nations Mission in Sierra LeoneUNAVEM IUnited Nations Angola Verification Mission IUNAVEM IIUnited Nations Angola Verification Mission IIUNAVEM IIIUnited Nations Angola Verification Mission IIIUNDOFUnited Nations Disengagement Observer ForceUNDPUnited Nations Development ProgrammeUNEF IUnited Nations Emergency Force IUNEF IIUnited Nations Emergency Force IIUNEPSUnited Nations Emergency Peace ServiceUNFICYPUnited Nations Peacekeeping Force in CyprusUNGOMAPUnited Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and PakistanUNHCROffice of the United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesUNICEFUnited Nations International Children’s Emergency FundUNIFILUnited Nations Interim Force in LebanonUNIIMOGUnited Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer GroupUNIKOMUnited Nations Iraq–Kuwait Military Observation MissionUNIPOMUnited Nations India–Pakistan Observer MissionUNISFAUnited Nations Interim Security Force for AbyeiUNITAUnião Nacional para a Independência Total de AngolaUNITAFUnified Task Force (Somalia)UNITARUnited Nations Institute for Training and ResearchUNMEEUnited Nations Mission in Ethiopia and EritreaUNMIBHUnited Nations Mission in Bosnia and HerzegovinaUNMIHUnited Nations Mission in HaitiUNMIKUnited Nations Mission in KosovoUNMILUnited Nations Mission in LiberiaUNMISUnited Nations Mission in SudanUNMISETUnited Nations Mission in Support of East TimorUNMISSUnited Nations Mission in South SudanUNMITUnited Nations Mission in Timor-LesteUNMOGIPUnited Nations Military Observer Group in India and PakistanUNMOTUnited Nations Mission of Observers in TajikistanUNOCAUnited Nations regional office in Central AsiaUNOCIUnited Nations Mission in Côte d’IvoireUNOGILUnited Nations Observation Group in LebanonUNOMIGUnited Nations Observer Mission in GeorgiaUNOMILUnited Nations Observer Mission in LiberiaUNOMSILUnited Nations Observer Mission in Sierra LeoneUNOMURUnited Nations Observer Mission in Uganda/RwandaUNOSOM IUnited Nations Operation in Somalia IUNOSOM IIUnited Nations Operation in Somalia IIUNOWAUnited Nations regional office in West AfricaUNPAUnited Nations Protected Area (Croatia)UNPOLUnited Nations PoliceUNPREDEPUnited Nations Preventive Deployment Force (Macedonia)UNPROFORUnited Nations Protection Force (former Yugoslavia)UNSASUN Standby Arrangements SystemUNSCOBUnited Nations Special Committee on the BalkansUNSMIHUnited Nations Support Mission for HaitiUNTACUnited Nations Transitional Authority in CambodiaUNTAESUnited Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, Western SirmiumUNTAETUnited Nations Transition Authority in East TimorUNTAGUnited Nations Transitional Assistance Group (Namibia)UNTEAUnited Nations Temporary Executive AuthorityUNTMIHUnited Nations Transition Mission in HaitiUNTSOUnited Nations Truce Supervision OrganizationUNYOMUnited Nations Yemen Observation MissionUSAIDUS Agency for International DevelopmentWPSWomen, Peace and Security

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