Clinical Cases in Gerodontology

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: McKenna, Gerry, 1980– editor. | Allen, P. Finbarr, editor. | Burke, Francis, 1959– editor.

Title: Clinical cases in gerodontology / [edited by] Gerry McKenna, Finbarr Allen, Francis Burke.

Other titles: Clinical cases (Ames, Iowa)

Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley‐Blackwell, 2021. | Series: Clinical cases series | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021007228 (print) | LCCN 2021007229 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119226598 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119226604 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119226611 (epub)

Subjects: MESH: Dental Care for Aged | Geriatric Dentistry–methods | Case Reports

Classification: LCC RK55.A3 (print) | LCC RK55.A3 (ebook) | NLM WU 490 | DDC 618.97/76–dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021007228LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021007229

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Images: © Courtesy of Gerry McKenna

Editors Finbarr Allen,National University of Singapore, Singapore

Francis Burke,University College Cork, Ireland

Gerry McKenna,Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom

Contributors Paul Brady, University College Cork, Ireland

Paul Brocklehurst, Bangor University, United Kingdom

Nico Creugers, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands

Cristiane da Mata, University College Cork, Ireland

Anneloes Gerritsen, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands

Harald Gjengedal, University of Bergen, Norway

Martina Hayes, University College Cork, Ireland

Nicola Holland, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, United Kingdom

Christopher Irwin, Queen’s University Belfast, United Kingdom

Simon Killough, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, United Kingdom

Claudio Leles, Federal University of Goias, Brazil

Conor McLister, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, United Kingdom

Haileigh McCarthy,Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, United Kingdom

Ciaran Moore, Queen’s University Belfast, United Kingdom

Graham Quilligan, University College Cork, Ireland

Brian Rosenberg,BUPA Dental Care, Stalybridge, United Kingdom

Martin Schimmel, University of Bern, Switzerland

Murali Srinivasan, University of Zurich, Switzerland

Sayaka Tada, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Robert Thompson, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, United Kingdom

Georgios Tsakos,University College London, United Kingdom

Celeste van Heumen, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands

Lewis Winning, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

With Contribution from Gerry McKenna, Finbarr Allen, Francis Burke, Paul Brocklehurst and Georgios Tsakos

The global population is ageing. As a result of falling birth rates and significant increases in life expectancy, the proportion of older adults within the general population has increased markedly. This has been one of the most distinctive demographic trends of the last century and is predicted to continue at an increased rate into the next. 1With fertility rates continuing towards lower levels, falling death rates become increasingly important in population ageing. In many more economically developed countries, where low birth rates have existed for a significant period of time, increases in the older population are now primarily as a result of improved chances of surviving into old age. 2,3Over the next 50 years, global life expectancy at birth is projected to increase by 10 years on average, to reach 76 years in 2045–2050. 1The gaps in life expectancy among more and less economically developed countries are predicted to decrease. Life expectancy at birth is expected to reach an average of 80 years in more economically developed countries, compared to 71 years in less economically developed countries. 1

The generalised shift in the age distribution of mortality towards older groups means that more people will now survive into their seventh, eighth and ninth decades. Estimates suggest that almost three of every four newborns worldwide will now survive to 60 years, with one in every three living over 80 years. Not only are more people surviving to old age, but once there, they are living longer. Over the next 50 years global life expectancy at age 60 is expected to increase from 18.8 years in 2000–2005 to 22.2 years in 2045–2050 (an 18% gain), from 15.3 to 18.2 years (a 19% gain) at age 65 and from 7.2 to 8.8 years (a 22% gain) at age 80. These figures show that in fact the older the age group, the more remarkable are the expected relative gains in life expectancy. 1