Space Physics and Aeronomy, Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications

251 Biogeochemical Cycles: Ecological Drivers and Environmental Impact Katerina Dontsova, Zsuzsanna Balogh‐Brunstad, and Gaël Le Roux (Eds.)

252 Seismoelectric Exploration: Theory, Experiments, and Applications Niels Grobbe, André Revil, Zhenya Zhu, and Evert Slob (Eds.)

253 El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate Michael J. McPhaden, Agus Santoso, Wenju Cai (Eds.)

254 Dynamic Magma Evolution Francesco Vetere (Ed.)

255 Large Igneous Provinces: A Driver of Global Environmental and Biotic Changes Richard. E. Ernst, Alexander J. Dickson, Andrey Bekker (Eds.)

256 Coastal Ecosystems in Transition: A Comparative Analysis of the Northern Adriatic and Chesapeake Bay Thomas C. Malone, Alenka Malej, Jadran Faganeli (Eds.)

257 Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation Allen Hunt, Markus Egli, Boris Faybishenko (Eds.)

258 Solar Physics and Solar Wind Nour E. Raouafi and Angelos Vourlidas (Eds.)

259 Magnetospheres in the Solar System Romain Maggiolo, Nicolas André, Hiroshi Hasegawa, and Daniel T. Welling (Eds.)

260 Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications Chaosong Huang and Gang Lu (Eds.)

Chaosong HuangGang LuEditors

Yongliang ZhangLarry J. PaxtonCollection Editors in Chief

This Work is a co‐publication of the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

This edition first published 2021

© 2021 American Geophysical Union

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Huang, Chaosong, editor.

Title: Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications / Chaosong Huang, Gang Lu, editors.

Description: Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 2021. | Series: Geophysical monograph series | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020040698 | ISBN 9781119507550 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119815549 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 981119815532 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Ionosphere–Research.

Classification: LCC QC881.2.I6 A38 2021 | DDC 538/.767–dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020040698

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Image: © Denis Dymov/Shutterstock

Patrick AlkenCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, USA

Eric AltshulerSequoia Research Corporation Torrance, California, USA

Oliver J. BramblesDartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire, USA

Manuel A. CerveraDefence Science and Technology Group Edinburgh, Australia; and School of Physical Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide, Australia

Seebany Datta‐BaruaIllinois Institute of Technology Chicago, Illinois, USA

Yue DengDepartment of Physics The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, Texas, USA

Philip J. EricksonMassachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory Westford, Massachusetts, USA

Bela G. FejerCenter for Atmospheric and Space Sciences Utah State University Logan, Utah, USA

John C. FosterMassachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory Westford, Massachusetts, USA

Larisa P. GoncharenkoMassachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory Westford, Massachusetts, USA

Adrian GrocottPhysics Department Lancaster University Lancaster, UK

Stein HaalandBirkeland Center for Space Science University of Bergen Bergen, Norway

Trevor J. HarrisDefence Science and Technology Group Edinburgh, Australia; and School of Physical Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide, Australia

V. Lynn HarveyLaboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado, USA

Roderick A. HeelisWilliam B. Hanson Center for Space Physics The University of Texas at Dallas Dallas, Texas, USA

Kosuke HekiDepartment of Earth Planetary Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo‐City, Japan

Michael P. HickeyDepartment of Physical Sciences and Center for Space and Atmospheric Research Embry‐Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach, Florida, USA

David A. HoldsworthDefence Science and Technology Group Edinburgh, Australia; and School of Physical Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide, Australia