Space Physics and Aeronomy, Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications

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A comprehensive review of global ionospheric research from the polar caps to equatorial regions It's more than a century since scientists first identified the ionosphere, the layer of the Earth's upper atmosphere that is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation. Our understanding of this dynamic part of the near-Earth space environment has greatly advanced in recent years thanks to new observational technologies, improved numerical models, and powerful computing capabilities.9;
Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications Volume highlights include:9;
Behavior of the ionosphere in different regions from the poles to the equator Distinct characteristics of the high-, mid-, and low-latitude ionosphere Observational results from ground- and space-based instruments Ionospheric impacts on radio signals and satellite operations How earthquakes and tsunamis on Earth cause disturbances in the ionosphere The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

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42 Fukushima, N. (1976). Generalized theorem for no ground magnetic effect of vertical currents connected with Pedersen currents in the uniform conducting ionosphere. Report of Ionosphere and Space Research in Japan, 30, 35–50.

43 Ganushkina, N. Y., Liemohn, M. W., Dubyagin, S., Daglis, I. A., Dandouras, I., De Zeeuw, D. L., Ebihara, Y, et al. (2015). Defining and resolving current systems in geospace. Annals of Geophysics, 33, 1369–1402. doi: 10.5194/angeo‐33‐1369‐2015

44 Goudarzi, A., Lester, M., Milan, S. E., & Frey, H. U. (2008). Multi‐instrument observations of a transpolar arc in the northern hemisphere. Annals of Geophysics, 26, 201–210.

45 Green, D. L., Waters, C. L., Anderson, B. J., Korth, H., & Barnes, R. J. (2006). Comparison of large‐scale Birkeland currents determined from Iridium and SuperDARN data. Annals of Geophysics, 24, 941–959. doi: 10.5194/angeo‐24‐941‐2006

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48 Grocott, A. (2017). Time‐dependence of dawn‐dusk asymmetries in the terrestrial ionospheric convection pattern. In S. E. Haaland, A. Runov, & C. Forsyth (Eds.), Dawn‐dusk asymmetries in planetary plasma environments, vol. 228. Hoboken, NJ: American Geophysical Union Monograph. doi:10.1002/9781119216346.ch9

49 Grocott, A., & Milan, S. E. (2014). The influence of IMF clock angle timescales on the morphology of ionospheric convection. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 119. doi: 10.1002/2014JA020136

50 Grocott, A., Badman, S. V., Cowley, S. W. H., Yeoman, T. K., & Cripps, P. J. (2004). The influence of IMF By on the nature of the nightside high‐latitude ionospheric flow during intervals of positive IMF Bz. Annals of Geophysics, 22, 1755–1764. doi:10.5194/angeo‐ 22‐1755‐2004

51 Grocott, A., Cowley, S. W. H., & Sigwarth, J. B. (2003). Ionospheric flow during extended intervals of northward but By‐dominated IMF. Annals of Geophysics, 21, 509–538. doi:10.5194/angeo‐21‐509‐2003

52 Grocott, A., Cowley, S. W. H., Sigwarth, J. B., Watermann, J. F., & Yeoman, T. K. (2002). Excitation of twin‐vortex flow in the nightside high‐latitude ionosphere during an isolated substorm. Annals of Geophysics, 20, 1577–1601.

53 Grocott, A., Laurens, H. J., & Wild, J. A. (2017). Nightside ionospheric convection asymmetries during the early substorm expansion phase: Relationship to onset local time. Geophysical Research Letters, 44. doi:10.1002/2017GL075763

54 Grocott, A., Milan, S. E., & Yeoman, T. K. (2008). Interplanetary magnetic field control of fast azimuthal flows in the nightside high‐latitude ionosphere. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L08102. doi:10.1029/2008GL033545.

55 Grocott, A., Milan, S. E., Yeoman, T. K., Sato, N., Yukimatu, A. S., & Wild, J. A. (2010). Superposed epoch analysis of the ionospheric convection evolution during substorms, IMF BY dependence. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, A00I06. doi: 10.1029/2010JA015728

56 Grocott, A., Wild, J. A., Milan, S. E., & Yeoman, T. K. (2009). Superposed epoch analysis of the ionospheric convection evolution during substorms: onset latitude dependence. Annals of Geophysics, 27, 591–600.

57 Grocott, A., Yeoman, T. K., Milan, S. E., & Cowley, S. W. H. (2005). Interhemispheric observations of the ionospheric signature of tail reconnection during IMF‐northward non‐ substorm intervals. Annals of Geophysics, 23, 1763–1770. doi:10.5194/angeo‐23‐1763‐2005

58 Grocott, A., Yeoman, T. K., Milan, S. E., Amm, O., Frey, H. U., Juusola, L., Nakamura, R., et al. (2007). Multi‐scale observations of magnetotail flux transport during IMF‐northward nonsubstorm intervals. Annals of Geophysics, 25, 1709–1720.

59 Hairston, M. R., Drake, K. A., & Skoug, R. (2005). Saturation of the ionospheric polar cap potential during the October–November 2003 superstorms. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A09S26. doi:10.1029/2004JA010864

60 Hairston, M. R., Hill, T. W., & Heelis, R. A. (2003). Observed saturation of the ionospheric polar cap potential during the 31 March 2001 storm. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1325. doi:10.1029/2002GL015894

61 Heelis, R. A. (1984). The effects of interplanetary magnetic field orientation on dayside high‐latitude ionospheric cusp. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 2873–2880.

62 Heppner, J. P. (1977). Empirical models of high‐latitude electric fields. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 1115.

63 Heppner, J. P., & Maynard, N. C. (1987). Empirical high‐latitude electric‐field models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 92, 4467–4489.

64 Holzer, T. E., McPherron, R. L., & Hardy, D. A. (1986). A quantitative empirical model of the magnetospheric flux transfer process. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, 3287.

65 Hones, E. W., Jr., (1979). Transient phenomena in the magnetotail and their relationship to substorms. Space Science Reviews, 23, 393.

66 Huang, C.‐S., DeJong, A. D., & Cai, X. (2009). Magnetic flux in the magnetotail and polar cap during sawteeth, isolated substorms, and steady magnetospheric convection events. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, A07202. doi:10.1029/2009JA014232

67 Huang, C.‐S., Sofko, G. J., Koustov, A. V., Andre, D. A., Ruohoniemi, J. M., Greenwald, R. A., & Hairston, M. R. (2000). Evolution of ionospheric multicell convection during northward interplanetary magnetic field with |Bz/By| > 1. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 27095–27107.

68 Hubert, B., Gérard, J.‐C., Milan, S. E., & Cowley, S. W. H. (2017). Magnetic reconnection during steady magnetospheric convection and magnetospheric modes. Annals of Geophysics, 35, 505–524. doi:10.5194/angeo‐35‐505‐2017

69 Hubert, B., Milan, S. E., Grocott, A., Cowley, S. W. H., & Gérard, J.‐C. (2006). Dayside and nightside reconnection rates inferred from IMAGE‐FUV and SuperDARN data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, A03217. doi:10.1029/2005JA011140

70 Iijima, T., & Potemra, T. A. (1976a). Amplitude distribution of field‐aligned currents at northern high latitudes observed by Triad. Journal of Geophysical Research, 81, 2165–2174. doi:10.1029/JA081i013p02165.

71 Iijima, T., & Potemra, T. A. (1976b). Field‐aligned currents in the dayside cusp observed by Triad. Journal of Geophysical Research, 81, 5971–5979. doi:10.1029/JA081i034p05971

72 Iijima, T., & Potemra, T. A. (1978). Large‐scale characteristics of field‐aligned currents associated with substorms. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83, 599–615.

73 Imber, S. M., Milan, S. E., & Hubert, B. (2006). Ionospheric flow and auroral signatures of dual lobe reconnection. Annals of Geophysics, 24, 3115–3129.

74 Kamide, Y., & Vickrey, J. F. (1983). Variability of the Harang discontinuity as observed by the Chatanika radar and the IMS Alaska magnetometer chain. Geophysical Research Letters, 10, 159.

75 Kamide, Y., Kokubun, S., Bargatze, L. F., & Frank, L. A. (1999). The size of the polar cap as an indicator of substorm energy. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth C, 24, 119.

76 Khan, H., & Cowley, S. W. H. (1999). Observations of the response time of high‐ latitude ionospheric convection to variations in the interplanetary magnetic field using EISCAT and IMP‐8 data. Annals of Geophysics, 17, 1306–1335.

77 Khurana, K. K., Walker, R. J., & Ogino, T. (1996). Magnetic convection in the presence of interplanetary magnetic field By: A conceptual model and simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 4907–4916.

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