Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases

110.Ajita M, Karan P, Vivek G, Anand MS, Anuj M. Periodontal disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: associations with glycemic control and complications: an Indian perspective. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2013;7:61–63.

111.Kaur G, Holtfreter B, Rathmann W, et al. Association between type 1 and type 2 diabetes with periodontal disease and tooth loss. J Clin Periodontol 2009;36:765–774.

112.Silvestre FJ, Miralles L, Llambes F, Bautista D, Solá-Izquierdo E, Hernández-Mijares A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease: relationship to different clinical variables. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2009;14: E175–E179.

113.Lalla E, Cheng B, Lal S, et al. Diabetes mellitus promotes periodontal destruction in children. J Clin Periodontol 2007;34:294–298.

114.Al-Shammari KF, Al-Ansari JM, Moussa NM, Ben-Nakhi A, Al-Arouj M, Wang HL. Association of periodontal disease severity with diabetes duration and diabetic complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Int Acad Periodontol 2006;8:109–114.

115.Pinson M, Hoffman WH, Garnick JJ, Litaker MS. Periodontal disease and type diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. J Clin Periodontol 1995;22:118–123.

116.Seppälä B, Ainamo J. A site-by-site follow-up study on the effect of controlled versus poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21:161–195.

117.Seppälä B, Seppälä M, Ainamo J. A longitudinal study on insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1993;20:161–165.

118.de Pommereau V, Dargent-Paré C, Robert JJ, Brion M. Periodontal status in insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents. J Clin Periodontol 1992;19:628–632.

119.Patiño Marín N, Loyola Rodríguez JP, Medina Solis CE, et al. Caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss in patients with diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2008;21:127–133.

120.Patiño-Marín N, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Valadez-Castillo FJ, Hernández-Sierra JF, de Jesús Pozos-Guillén A. Effect of metabolic control in diabetes mellitus type 1 patients and its association with periodontal disease. Rev Invest Clin 2002;54:218–225.

121.Li X, Kolltveit KM, Tronstad L, Olsen I. Systemic diseases caused by oral infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000;13: 547–558.

122.Schmidt FM, Weschenfelder J, Sander C, et al. Inflammatory cytokines in general and central obesity and modulating effects of physical activity. PLoS One 2015;10:e0121971.

123.Kintscher U, Hartge M, Hess K, et al. T-lymphocyte infiltration in visceral adipose tissue: A primary event in adipose tissue inflammation and the development of obesity-mediated insulin resistance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008;28:1304–1310.

124.Lumeng CN, Bodzin JL, Saltiel AR. Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J Clin Invest 2007;117:175–184.

125.Schipper HS, Prakken B, Kalkhoven E, Boes M. Adipose tissue-resident immune cells: key players in immunometabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012;23:407–415.

126.Ritchie CS. Obesity and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2007;44:154–163.

127.Genco RJ, Grossi SG, Ho A, Nishimura F, Murayama Y. A proposed model linking inflammation to obesity, diabetes, and periodontal infections. J Periodontol 2005;76:2075–2084.

128.Lundin M, Yucel-Lindberg T, Dahllof G, Marcus C, Modeer T. Correlation between TNFalpha in gingival crevicular fluid and body mass index in obese subjects. Acta Odontol Scand 2004;62:273–277.

129.Saxlin T, Suominen-Taipale L, Leiviskä J, Jula A, Knuuttila M, Ylöstalo P. Role of serum cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the association between body weight and periodontal infection. J Clin Periodontol 2009;36:100–105.

130.Hasturk H, Kantarci A. Activation and resolution of peri­odontal inflammation and its systemic impact. Periodontol 2000 2015;69:255–273.

131.Kim J, Amar S. Periodontal disease and systemic conditions: a bidirectional relationship. Odontology 2006;94: 10–21.

132.Duarte PM, Bezerra JP, Miranda TS, Feres M, Chambrone L, Shaddox LM. Local levels of inflammatory mediators in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic peri­odontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2014;41:11–18.

133.Bastos AS, Graves DT, Loureiro AP, et al. Lipid peroxidation is associated with the severity of periodontal disease and local inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:E1353–E1362.

134.Polak D, Shapira L. An update on the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes. J Clin Periodontol 2018;45:150–166.

135.Taylor JJ, Preshaw PM, Lalla E. A review of the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes. J Periodontol 2013;84(4 Suppl):S113–S134.

136.Matthews JB, Wright HJ, Roberts A, Cooper PR, Chapple ILC. Hyperactivity and reactivity of peripheral blood neutrophils in chronic periodontitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2007;147:255–264.

137.Silva JAF, Lopes Ferrucci D, Peroni LA, et al. Periodontal disease-associated compensatory expression of osteoprotegerin is lost in type 1 diabetes mellitus and correlates with alveolar bone destruction by regulating osteoclastogenesis. Cells Tissues Organs 2012;196:137–150.

138.Liu R, Bal HS, Desta T, et al. Diabetes enhances periodontal bone loss through enhanced resorption and diminished bone formation. J Dent Res 2006;85:510–514.

139.Wu YY, Xiao E, Graves DT. Diabetes mellitus related bone metabolism and periodontal disease. Int J Oral Sci 2015;7:63–72.

140.Pacios S, Kang J, Galicia J, et al. Diabetes aggravates periodontitis by limiting repair through enhanced inflammation. FASEB J 2012;26:1423–1430.

141.Lumeng CN, Saltiel AR. Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest 2011;121: 2111–2117.

142.Timar R, Timar B, Degeratu D, Serafinceanu C, Oancea C. Metabolic syndrome, adiponectin and proinflammatory status in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Int Med Res 2014;42:1131–1138.

143.Blüher M. Adipokines - removing road blocks to obesity and diabetes therapy. Mol Metab 2014;3:230–240.

144.Freitas Lima LC, Braga VA, do Socorro de França Silva M, et al. Adipokines, diabetes and atherosclerosis: an inflammatory association. Front Physiol 2015;6:304.

145.Deschner J, Eick S, Damanaki A, Nokhbehsaim M. The role of adipokines in periodontal infection and healing. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014;29:258–269.

146.Blüher M. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2009;117:241–250.

147.Van De Voorde J, Pauwels B, Boydens C, Decaluwé K. Adipocytokines in relation to cardiovascular disease. Metabolism 2013;62:1513–1521.

148.Hotamisligil GS. Mechanisms of TNF-α-induced insulin resistance. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999;107: 119–125.

149.Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Ferrante AW Jr. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 2003;112:1796–1808.

150.Cildir G, Akincilar SC, Tergaonkar V. Chronic adipose tissue inflammation: all immune cells on the stage. Trends Mol Med 2013;19:487–500.

151.Palomer X, Salvadó L, Barroso E, Vázquez-Carrera M. An overview of the crosstalk between inflammatory processes and metabolic dysregulation during diabetic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2013;168:3160–3172.

152.Schuett H, Luchtefeld M, Grothusen C, Grote K, Schieffer B. How much is too much? Interleukin-6 and its signalling in atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost 2009;102: 215–222.

153.Skurk T, Alberti-Huber C, Herder C, Hauner H. Relationship between adipocyte size and adipokine expression and secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:1023–1033.

154.Hassan W, Ding L, Gao RY, Liu J, Shang J. Interleukin-6 signal transduction and its role in hepatic lipid metabolic disorders. Cytokine 2014;66:133–142.