Melissa B. Miller - Cases in Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

1 Cover

2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

3 INTRODUCTION TO THE FOURTH EDITION

4 TO THE STUDENT SAMPLE CASE A FINAL THOUGHT

5 A PRIMERON THE LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES ACCURACY IN LABORATORY TESTING SPECIMEN SELECTION, COLLECTION, AND TRANSPORT DIRECT EXAMINATION MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS CULTURE SEROLOGY REFERENCES

6 SECTION ONE: UROGENITAL TRACT INFECTIONSINTRODUCTION TO SECTION I CASE 1 CASE 1 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 2 CASE 2 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 3 CASE 3 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 4 CASE 4 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 5 CASE 5 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 6 CASE 6 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES

7 SECTION TWO: RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONSINTRODUCTION TO SECTION II CASE 7 CASE 7 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 8 CASE 8 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 9 CASE 9 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 10 CASE 10 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 11 CASE 11 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 12 CASE 12 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 13 CASE 13 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 14 CASE 14 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 15 CASE 15 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 16 CASE 16 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 17 CASE 17 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 18 CASE 18 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 19 CASE 19 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 20 CASE 20 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES

8 SECTION THREE: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT INFECTIONSINTRODUCTION TO SECTION III CASE 21 CASE 21 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 22 CASE 22 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 23 CASE 23 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 24 CASE 24 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 25 CASE 25 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 26 CASE 26 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 27 CASE 27 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 28 CASE 28 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 29 CASE 29 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 30 CASE 30 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 31 CASE 31 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 32 CASE 32 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 33 CASE 33 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 34 CASE 34 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 35 CASE 35 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES

9 SECTION FOUR: SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONSINTRODUCTION TO SECTION IV CASE 36 CASE 36 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 37 CASE 37 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 38 CASE 38 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 39 CASE 39 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 40 CASE 40 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 41 CASE 41 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 42 CASE 42 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 43 CASE 43 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES

10 SECTION FIVE: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONSINTRODUCTION TO SECTION V CASE 44 CASE 44 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 45 CASE 45 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 46 CASE 46 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 47 CASE 47 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 48 CASE 48 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 49 CASE 49 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 50 CASE 50 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 51 CASE 51 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 52 CASE 52 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES

11 SECTION SIX: SYSTEMIC INFECTIONSINTRODUCTION TO SECTION VI CASE 53 CASE 53 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 54 Case 54 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 55 CASE 55 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 56 CASE 56 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 57 CASE 57 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 58 CASE 58 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 59 CASE 59 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 60 CASE 60 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 61 CASE 61 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 62 CASE 62 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES

12 SECTION SEVEN: ADVANCED CASESINTRODUCTION TO SECTION VII CASE 63 CASE 63 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 64 CASE 64 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 65 CASE 65 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 66 CASE 66 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 67 CASE 67 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 68 CASE 68 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 69 CASE 69 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 70 CASE 70 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 71 CASE 71 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 72 CASE 72 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 73 CASE 73 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES CASE 74 CASE 74 CASE DISCUSSION REFERENCES

13 GLOSSARY

14 INDEX

15 End User License Agreement

1 SECTION ONE TABLE I SELECTED GENITOURINARY TRACT PATHOGENS

2 CASE 6 TABLE 6.1 THE BETHESDA CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR CERVICAL SQUAMOUS CELL DYSPLASI...

3 SECTION TWO TABLE II SELECTED RESPIRATORY TRACT PATHOGENS

4 SECTION THREETABLE III SELECTED GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PATHOGENS

5 SECTION FOURTABLE IV SELECTED SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE PATHOGENS

6 SECTION FIVETABLE V CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS

7 SECTION SIXTABLE VI SELECTED SYSTEMIC PATHOGENS

8 SECTION SEVENTABLE VII AGENTS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLEX CLINICAL DISEASE

9 CASE 32TABLE 32.1 INTERPRETATION OF HEPATITIS B SEROLOGIC STUDIES

10 CASE 65TABLE 65.1 PATIENT’S RESULTS OVER TIME

11 CASE 69TABLE 69.1 SELECTED EXAMPLES OF ZOONOSES BY AGENTTABLE 69.2 SELECTED EXAMPLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASSOCIATIONS WITH ZOONOSESTABLE 69.3 EXAMPLES OF NONHUMAN ANIMALS THAT MAY TRANSMIT SELECTED ZOONOSES

1 A PRIMER Figure 1a Figure 1b Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 PCR. (A) In the first cycle, a double-stranded DNA target sequence is u... Figure 9 bDNA-based signal amplification. Target nucleic acid is released by dis... Figure 10 Figure 11 Left disk, optochin; right disk, oxacillin. Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14

2 CASE 1 Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2

3 CASE 2 Figure 2.1

4 CASE 5 Figure 5.1

5 CASE 7 Figure 7.1

6 CASE 8 Figure 8.1 Figure 8.2

7 CASE 9 Figure 9.1 Organism infecting this patient.

8 CASE 10 Figure 10.1 Amplification curves of a real-time PCR test.

9 CASE 12Figure 12.1 Colonies on buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar (left) and 5...Figure 12.2 Gram stain of colonies seen in Fig. 12.1.

10 CASE 13Figure 13.1Figure 13.2Figure 13.3

11 CASE 14Figure 14.1 Calcofluor white stain of biopsy material from patient.Figure 14.2 Organism growing from patient’s transbronchial biopsy.

12 CASE 15Figure 15.1 Calcofluor white examination of left ethmoid sinus biopsy.Figure 15.2 Culture from sinus specimen.

13 CASE 16Figure 16.1Figure 16.2

14 CASE 17Figure 17.1Figure 17.2Figure 17.3Figure 17.4Figure 17.5 C. immitis spherules (from reference 5 with permission).

15 CASE 18Figure 18.1 Papanicolaou staining of gastric brushing.

16 CASE 19Figure 19.1

17 CASE 20Figure 20.1 Gram stain of the organism that was recovered from a positive blood ...Figure 20.2 A subculture of the organism from the positive blood culture demonst...Figure 20.3 Susceptibility test for the organism that was isolated from the pati...

18 CASE 21Figure 21.1Figure 21.2

19 CASE 22Figure 22.1Figure 22.2

20 CASE 24Figure 24.1

21 CASE 26Figure 26.1 Immunochromatographic test for GDH and toxins A and B from C. diffic...Figure 26.2 The pseudomembranous lesions are the yellow-green areas on the surfa...

22 CASE 27Figure 27.1 Material extracted from anus.Figure 27.2 Material obtained from crushing segment of material in Fig. 27.1.

23 CASE 28Figure 28.1

24 CASE 29Figure 29.1 Organisms recovered from blood on Hektoen agar (black colonies indic...Figure 29.2 TSI slant of organism recovered from blood (courtesy L. M. de la Maz...Figure 29.3 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fingerprints of Salmonella (from U....

25 CASE 30Figure 30.1

26 CASE 31Figure 31.1 Gram stain of organism growing from blood culture bottle.Figure 31.2 Organism growth on MacConkey agar after 24 hours’ incubation at 35°C...

27 CASE 32Figure 32.1 Serologic and clinical patterns observed during acute HBV infection....Figure 32.2 Typical sequence of serologic markers in patients with acute hepatit...

28 CASE 34Figure 34.1 Testing algorithm for the diagnosis of hepatitis C infection. aIf ac...